Chapter 2Chapter 2Chemical PrinciplesChemical Principles

John Ireland, Ph.D. (2006)John Ireland, Ph.D. (2006)

Atomic StructureAtomic Structure

Chemical ElementsChemical Elements

http://serc.carleton.edu/images/usingdata/nasaimages/periodic-table.gif

Electron ConfigurationsElectron Configurations

Valence ElectronsValence Electrons

http://serc.carleton.edu/images/usingdata/nasaimages/periodic-table.gif

Ionic BondsIonic Bonds

Covalent BondCovalent Bond

Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction

EndergonicEndergonicExergonicExergonicSynthesisSynthesisDecompositionDecompositionExchangeExchangeReversibilityReversibility

Water, Acids, Bases, and pHWater, Acids, Bases, and pH

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Organic Organic Compounds are Compounds are composed of composed of CarbonCarbonThe Functional The Functional Groups are Groups are responsible for responsible for the chemistry the chemistry

Major Classes of Biological MoleculesMajor Classes of Biological Molecules

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesLipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsNucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

LipidsLipids

ProteinsProteins

Protein StructureProtein Structure

PrimaryPrimarySecondarySecondaryTertiaryTertiaryQuaternaryQuaternary

Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid

DNADNA

RNARNA