Chapter 19 test Review

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Nato/Warsaw Pact

• Ireland, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Yugoslavia were not members of NATO or the Warsaw Pact in 1955.

• Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania.

• West Germany was a member of NATO, while East Germany was a member of the Warsaw Pact.

Terms• Korean War: The Korean War was fought after Korea was divided into two countries:

the Communist North and the pro-American South.• military-industrial complex:The military-industrial complex refers to the permanent

mobilization of American troops around the world after the Korean War and increased.• thirty-eighth parallel: The thirty-eighth parallel is the latitude line that divides North

and South Korea.• Brinkmanship: Brinkmanship is the ability to go to the verge of war without becoming

engaged in actual combat.• arms race: The United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in an arms race to

gain weapons superiority.• Sputnik: The Soviet Union’s Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth.• U-2 incident: A Soviet guided missile shot down an American spy plane in what

became known as the U-2 incident.

ANALYZING A DOCUMENT

• Alternative ways of life: One way of life was based on capitalism and democracy, while the other was based on the Communist system.

• “The choice is too often not a free one” : Truman meant that the Soviet Union was using pressure and intimidation to spread communism to other nations.

• How would US show support? Truman declared that it must be the policy of the United States to support peoples in their struggle for freedom and self-determination.

•“Nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based on the will of the majority. . . . The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed [forced] upon the majority. . . . I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [conquest] by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.”

Essay Question

• Explain how the contrasting post-World War II goals of the Soviet Union and the United States led to the Cold War.

• Very different goals• United States: spread democracy and free enterprise• Soviets: protect themselves from attack, spread communism.• Debated the future of Europe• Tensions quickly developed into the Cold War.