chapter 19 section 4: fascist dictatorships in italy and germany objectives: >compare the...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 19
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Objectives:
>Compare the motivations, methods and class support of fascism and communism, particularly in Italy and Germany during the interwar years.
>Describe Mussolini’s and Hitler’s rise to power, methods of control, and the reasons for their overwhelming support by the general public.
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
SECTION 4
Bell Ringer 19.4:Why did people embrace totalitarianism?
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
Italy Germany
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
BenitoMussolini
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The Fascists conducted a violent campaign against their opponents – communists andSocialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Mussolini came to power after the "March on Rome" in 1922, and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel.
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and GermanyWhat are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
• NATIONALISMNATIONALISM: the belief that one's nation is of primary importance
• AUTHORITARIANISMAUTHORITARIANISM: a political system controlled by typically non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom
• MILITARISMMILITARISM
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
• SINGLE PARTY STATESINGLE PARTY STATE: single political party - no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election
• DICTATORSHIPDICTATORSHIP: control by one person or a small group of people
• SOCIAL DARWINISMSOCIAL DARWINISM: strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.
What are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
Section 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Fascism vs Communism• Totalitarian • state over the
individual• Powerful military• Controls through
censorship and propaganda
• Totalitarian • state over the
individual• Powerful military• Controls through
censorship and propaganda
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Fascism vs Communism• Nationalistic• left farms and large
industries in the hands of their owners and let them run them as they saw fit so long as they provided the output the government demanded.
• Appealed to middle classes
• International
• seized all private property in the name of the state and put all industrial and economic production under the direct control of the government
• Appealed to working classes
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Mussolini in control …
• Opposing parties were disbanded.
• Basic liberties were suspended.
• Strikes were outlawed.• Uniformed and secret
police spied on everyone.
• TOTALITARIANISM
Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
Italy Germany
internal turmoil internal turmoil
weak government weak government
crippled economy crippled economy
dreams of former glory dreams of former glory
restoration of order restoration of order
Mussolini Hitler