chapter 19 section 1. takes the throne in 1589 first monarch of a new royal house bourbons had been...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 19 section 1
Absolute Monarchs
Takes the throne in 1589First monarch of a new royal house
BourbonsHad been a member of the Huguenot
Protestant minority group
Converted to CatholicismWanted to help bring peace and unity to France
Henry IV
It guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights and ended the religious wars
Was to protect the Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
In the 1500’s the powerful nobles had weakened France’s central governmentHe worked to control the
nobility and regain powerHe will not be able to solve
the taxation problem’s in the countryNobles and members of
the clergy were exempt from taxes
People in large cities were exempt from royal taxes
Taxes fell heavily on the lower and middle classes
Henry’s Rule
Put in charge of the financesWill be able to end some of the abuseTax money started to go to the treasury
It will help to improve trade and industry
Duke of Sully
Henry IV will be murdered in 1610Marie de Medicis will rule until Louis XIII
came to power in 1617
Eight years old when his father was murdered
Will come to power in 1617He was sickly and had trouble concentrating
Chose wise advisers who would provide strong leadership
Cardinal Richelieu
Lois XIII
Louis XIII chief ministerPolitical geniusWanted to make the king
supreme in France and France supreme in EuropeTo strengthen the monarch,
he worked to take power away from the nobles, and political rights away from the Huguenots
To strengthen France he encouraged trade and industry
Cardinal Richelieu
Believed that the freedom given to the Huguenots was dangerousLived in cities that were
like states within a stateMade strong central
government impossible1627
Military attacks on the Huguenots
Huguenots asked for peaceAllowed them to practice
their religion Took away their rights to
fortify cities
Richelieu Continued
He strengthened the authority of regional representatives of the kingIntendants
Were the monarchy’s representatives in the provinces that made up France
1618 Thirty years war beganPragueA protestant
rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire
France, Denmark, and Sweden were looking for ways to weaken the empire and its ruling familyHabsburgs
Thirty Years’ War
Richelieu kept the war goingSaw the war as an
opportunity to strengthen France
Will keep France out of the war
Other European countries became weak from fighting
Most of the fighting took place in GermanyRuined the country
France will eventually join the fighting1648 Most of the allies goals
will have been accomplished
Thirty Years’ War
Treaty of Westphalia1648 ended the warFrance is strengthened
when they received Alsace
Gave independence to the Netherlands and Switzerland
German princes more or less independent of the Holy Roman Emperor
Would weaken the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg Family
Thirty Years’ War
Louis XIV became king of France in 1643
Ruled for 72 yearsLongest reign in
French HistoryLived through the
Fronde rebellionsFrench nobles and
peasants attacked the central royal government
Worked to make kings power absolute
Sun King
Huge palace a few miles outside of ParisMoved French government there
Versailles
So expensive to build that is strained the French economy
It represented the grandeur and power of the monarchy
Louis believed in the divine right of kingsThat God had chosen
him to rule the nation
He will also use the palace to control the noblesMost important
nobles are to live here
Keep an eye on them
Louis XIV’s court at Versailles became the ideal for European royalty
Other monarchs soon would copy FranceLouis would adopt the sun as his personal
symbolThe sun’s rays reached far and wide, just like
his powerNickname Sun King
Louis was directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the French government
He chose advisers who worked under his direct supervisionJean- Baptiste Colbert
Expert in financesMiddle class memberStrong political policies to
promote economic development
Increase French industry at home
Build French trade abroadPlaced high tariffs on
foreign imports to protect French businesses
Worked to improve transportation
Jean- Baptiste Colbert
He worked to reform the nations tax system by making it more evenly distributed across the populationAimed to make the
system more fairEliminating exemptions
granted to the privilegedTrade and commerce
grew, and France became a leading economic power in EuropeRaise government income
to pay for economic improvements
Army and navy power
Religious unity1685 did away with
the Edict of NantesHuguenots
disturbed the unity of France and weakened the central government
Ended Frances policy of tolerance for Protestants
Louis XIV
Louis believed security depended on the country having natural frontiers
Would fight in four wars between 1667 and 1713Countries saw this and
started to ally with each other
Balance of powerCountries have equal
strength in order to prevent any other country from dominating the others
Gaining Territory
Louis last warFought over who would
become the next king of Spain
Would be fought in North America, Europe and at sea
War of the Spanish Succession
1713 the war endedImportant document in both Europe and
AmericaWill recognize Louis’s grandson as the king of
SpainStated that France and Spain could never
uniteFrench lands in North America were given to
Great Britain
Treaty of Utrecht