chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 ocw ::...• gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양)...

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Chapter 19 진정세균: Deinococci와 프로테오박테리아 외 그람 음성세균 1

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Page 1: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Chapter 19

진정세균:Deinococci와

프로테오박테리아 외그람 음성세균

•1

Page 2: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Chlamydiae 문

• Obligate intracellular parasite (절대세포내기생체)

• 주요한대사산물을숙주세포에의존

• 유전체크기가 1.0‐1.3 Mb에불과

•2

Page 3: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Chlamydiae 문

• Chlamydia Trachomatis– Non‐gonococcal urethritis (NGU, 비임균성요도염)

– The most common sexually transmitted disease (STD, 성병) in human

– Pelvic inflammatory disease (골반염)– Trachoma (결막염) – The single most important infectious agent associated with blindness

•3

Page 4: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Chlamydial Reproduction 1

• Elementary body (EB, 기본소체)– Non‐replicating infectious particle

• Reticulate body (RB, 망상체) – Replicating non‐infectious particle

•4

EBRB

Page 5: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Spirochaetes 문

• Slender, long with flexible helical shape (나선모양)• Creeping (crawling) motility due to a structure called an axial filament (축사)

• Axial fibril (축세사)•5

Page 6: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

• Treponema pallidum (매독균)• Syphilis (매독) –성병

• Borrelia burgdorferi• 생합성에필요한유전자가없음• Lyme disease (라임병)• The most common tick (진드기)‐borne disease

•6

Spirochaetes 문

Page 7: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Chapter 20

진정세균: 프로테오박테리아

(Phylum Proteobacteria)

•7

Page 8: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

프로테오박테리아

• 그람음성균• 16s ribosomal RNA sequence에의한분류• ‐프로테오박테리아강• ‐프로테오박테리아강• ‐프로테오박테리아강• ‐프로테오박테리아강• ‐프로테오박테리아강

•8

Page 9: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

‐프로테오박테리아 강

• 빈영양생물

• 영양물질이적은상태에서자랄수있는생물

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Page 10: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Rickettsia 속• Very small, gram‐negative, non‐flagellated, diverse morphology

• Obligate intracellular parasite (절대세포내기생체)

• Parasitic (기생) or mutualistic (상리공생)– Grows in vertebrate erythrocytes (적혈구), macrophages (대식세포), vascular endothelial cells (내피세포)

– Lives in blood‐sucking arthropods (절지동물, 벼룩진드기)– vectors or primary hosts

• Genome sequence similar to mitochondria•10

Page 11: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Rickettsia 속

• 식세포 작용(phagocytosis)을 유도• 숙주세포로 침투• 파고솜 (phagosome)에서 빠져나와 세포질

로 이동• 이분법으로 분열

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Page 12: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Rickettsia (리케치아) 속

• R. prowazekii and R. typhi– 이와쥐를통한 typhus fever (발진열)

• R. rickettsii– Rocky mountain spotted fever (로키산홍반열)

•12

Page 13: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Agrobacterium 속

• Agrobacterium tumefaciens– 식물병원균– 종양세포로변형시킴– 근두암종 (crown gall tumor)– Ti (tumor‐inducing) plasmid

•13

Page 14: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Brucellaceae 속• B. abortus (소브루셀라균) • B. melitensis (산양브루셀라균) • B. suis (돼지브루셀라균) • B. canis (개브루셀라균)• 인수공통전염병• 부루셀라증 (brucellosis)• 파상열 (undulant fever)

– 정기적으로고저를반복하는고열

•14

Page 15: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

‐프로테오박테리아강

• 산소가없는서식처

• 유기물이부패되면서나오는물질을이용

• 수소, 암모니아, 메탄, 휘발성지방산

•15

Page 16: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Neisseria 속• Non‐motile, gram‐negative cocci (구균)• Inhabitants of mucous membranes(점막) of mammals (포유류)

• N. gonorrhoeae (임질균)– Gonorrhea (임질)

• N. meningitidis– Meningitis (세균성뇌수막염)

•16

Page 17: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Bordetella 속

• Coccobacilli (간구균)• Multiply in respiratory epithelial cells (호흡상피)

• Non‐motile (비운동성), encapsulated (협막) species

• B. pertussis– Pertussis or whooping cough (백일해)

•17

Page 18: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

‐프로테오박테리아강

• 가장생리적으로다양한집단

• 프로테오박테리아중가장큰집단

•18

Page 19: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Legionellales  속

• Legionella pneumophilia– 특수한 유형의 폐렴– Causative agent of Legionnaire’s disease – 재향군인회병, 레지오넬라증– Transmission through aerosols

•19

Page 20: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Legionellales  목

• Intracellular pathogen of protozoa (원생동물)• 축축한토양, 냉각탑, 에어컨, 냉각탑• Gram‐negative rods that replicates by binary fission

• 복제형 (replicative form, RF) ‐ replication• 성숙한세포내형 (mature intracellular form, MIF) ‐infectious

•20

Page 21: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Coxiella 속

• 곤충, 물고기, 조류, 설치류, 양, 염소• 에어로졸을통한급성수인성감염• Coxiella burnetti

– 독감과유사한 Q열(Q fever)을일으킴

• 작은세포변이형 (small cell variant, SCV)– Infectious

• 거대세포변이형 (large cell variant, LCV)– Replication

•21

Page 22: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Pseudomonadales 목

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (녹농균)• 생물막 (biofilm)

• 낭포성섬유증(cystic fibrosis)와같은질병에걸려면역력이약화된사람에게감염

• 화상부위또는요도관을감염•22

Page 23: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

•23

Vibrionales 목

• A comma‐shaped

• Vibrio cholerae–콜레라

• Vibrio parahaemolyticus–오염된해산물에의한위장병

Page 24: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

•24

Vibrionales 목

• Acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated by fecal matter (배설물) from patients or carriers

• Shellfish (패류)

• Adhere to intestinal mucosa (점막) of small intestine (소장) and secrete the cholera toxin 

Page 25: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Enterobacteriales목

• 장내세균 (enterobacteria)

• Escherichia coli (대장균)

• Probably best studied bacterium

• Inhabitant of intestinal tracts of many animals

•25

Page 26: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Enterobacteriales목

• Used as indicator organisms for testing water for fecal contamination (배설물오염)

• Some strains are pathogenic– Gastroenteritis(위장염)– Urinary tract infections(요도염)

•26

Page 27: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Enterobacteriales목• Salmonella enterica

– Salmonellosis–장티푸스 (typhoid fever)와위장염

• Shigella sonnei, and Shigella flexneri– Bacillary dysentery (세균성설사)

• Klebsiella pneumoniae–폐렴

• Yersinia pestis–흑사병 (plague)

•27

Page 28: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Pasteurellales 목

• P. multocida– 가금류콜레라

• P. haemolytica– 소와닭폐렴

• Haemophilus influenzae type B– 뇌수막염, 부비동염 (sinusitis, 축농증), 폐렴, 기관지염

•28

Page 29: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

•29

‐프로테오박테리아강

• 그람음성간균

• 곧은모양이거나굽은모양, 나선모양

Page 30: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

•30

Campylobacter속

• Campylobacter foetus• 소와양에서생식질환과유산• 사람에게패혈증 (septicemia) 

–혈액에병원균과독소가존재

Page 31: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

•31

Campylobacter속• Campylobacter jejuni• Found in intestinal tract of animals (e.g., chickens, turkey, and cattle)

• Transmitted to humans by contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals

• Invades epithelium of small intestine (소장상피세포) and secretes an exotoxin (외독소)

• Campylobacteriosis• Gastroenteritis (위장염), ulceration (궤양), and bloody stools (혈변), 설사

Page 32: Chapter 19 - :: 동국대학교 OCW ::...• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양) • Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5 • Produces

Helicobacter 속

• Helicobacter pylori• Gastritis (위염) and peptic ulcer (소화기궤양)• Motility important for colonization • Does not grow below pH 4.5• Produces urease (요소분해효소)

– Converts urea to ammonia(NH3) and CO2 by hydrolysis– Provides a local alkaline environment

• Releases toxins that damage epithelial mucosal cells (표피점막)

• Class I carcinogen•32