chapter 18 taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms earth is home to millions...

Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms • Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. • Each of these organisms share some common features with every organism • To help understand and organize information about living things, scientists have created a system for classifying them into groups.

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Chapter 18Taxonomy- branch of biology that

groups & names organisms

• Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms.

• Each of these organisms share some common features with every organism

• To help understand and organize information about living things, scientists have created a system for classifying them into groups.

Page 2: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

• The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, developed the first method of classification

• He divided everything into 2 groups:

1. Plants- herbs, shrubs, trees

2. Animals- aquatic, terrestrial, aerial

However, his system did not work. Why?

Page 3: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

How Organisms are Classified Today

• Organisms are grouped into a series of categories called taxa, each one larger than the previous one.

• As you move down the list, each level becomes more specific & includes fewer members than the level above it.

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Genus

8. Species

The 8 Taxa

Page 4: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

Classification of the Domestic DogKingdom Animal Dog, human, insect,

worm, any animals

Phylum Chordata Dog, human, fish, other backboned animals

Class

Order

Mammal

Carnivora

Dog, human, whale, all other mammals

Dog, wolf, lion, bear

Family Canidae Dog, wolf, fox

Genus Canis Dog, wolf

Species familiaris Dog

Page 5: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

Binomial Nomenclature- 2 part naming system

• In the 1700’s, Swedish botanis Carolus Linnaeus created the binomial nomenclature naming system still used today

• It gives each kind of organism a two-part name, the first part of an organism’s name identifies the genus

• The second part of the name identifies the species

Page 6: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

Domains & Kingdoms

Domains Kingdoms Characteristics

Bacteria Eubacteria Single-celled prokaryotes; oldest organisms on Earth

Archaea Archaebacteria

Single-celled & don’t have peptidoglycan in cell walls

Eukarya Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal

All are eukaryotes

Page 7: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

Domain EukaryaKingdom Cell

numberCell characteristics

Organisms

Protist Single or

Multi

Cells have a nucleus

Algae, protozoa

Fungi Single or multi

Cells have a wall &

nucleus; no chloroplasts

Yeast & mushrooms

Plants Multi Cells have a wall, nucleus & chloroplasts

Moss, ferns, trees, flowering plants

Page 8: Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. Each of these organisms

Domain Eukarya

Animals Multi Cells have a nucleus, but no wall or chloroplasts

Sponges, worms, insects, mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles & birds

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