chapter 17 study guide answers
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers. 1. What is weather?. the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place - controlled by Earth’s motions & energy from the sun. 2. What is climate?. the given weather conditions of an area over many years avg. rainfall avg. temp avg. humidity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers
![Page 2: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. What is weather?
the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place
- controlled by Earth’s motions & energy from the sun
![Page 3: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. What is climate?
the given weather conditions of an area over many years
avg. rainfallavg. tempavg. humidityavg. wind directionavg. air pressure etc…
![Page 4: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3. What is the current composition of our atmosphere? Give gases & %
Current composition of atmosphere: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon (inert gas) 0.039% Carbon DioxideAlso present in atmosphere = water vapor, dust, ozone, and pollution
![Page 5: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
OZONE
4. O3
5. Found in the stratosphere- between 10-50 km from surface, it increases the temperature
6. Blocks harmful Ultraviolet (UV) rays
![Page 6: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7. 4 layers of atmosphere
Troposphere = temperature decreases as you increase altitude- Extends from surface to ~12 km- All weather occurs here
Stratosphere = slight increase in temperature- Extends from 12km to ~50 km- Contains the Ozone Layer (absorbs UV to increase temperature)
Mesosphere = temperatures decrease with altitude- No definite upper limit - Temperatures near -90ºC
Thermosphere = temperatures increase due to absorption of high energy solar radiation- No definite upper limit
![Page 7: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8. What layer does weather occur?
Troposphere- all weather phenomena
![Page 8: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9. How much of the sun’s energy is reflected back into space?
~30% is reflected back into space
![Page 9: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
10. What is reflection?
When light bounces off an object
![Page 10: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
11. What is scattering?
When weak light rays travel in different directions
![Page 11: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
12. What is conduction?
Conduction = transfer of heat through direct contact of molecules
heat flows from the hotter object into the colder object
![Page 12: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
13. What is convection?
Convection = transfer of heat by mass movement or circulation within a substance
heat from below (ground) conducts heat near the base of the atmosphere, the air
![Page 13: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
14. What is radiation?
Radiation = heat is radiated (travels by waves) from the sun and hits the atmosphere
some radiated energy is absorbed and some is reflected (bounced) back into space:
~30% is reflected back into space~50% is absorbed by land & sea~20% is absorbed by clouds & atmosphere
![Page 14: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
15. Greenhouse effect..why is it good?
Earth’s atmosphere naturally absorbs heat from the sun because of water vapor & carbon dioxide
atmosphere traps heat near the Earth’s surface
Without this natural greenhouse effect, Earth’s temperature would be much colder (uninhabitable for humans)
![Page 15: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
16. Global warming…why is it bad?
Global warming is an increase in temp. of Earth’s atmosphere that may be caused by human activity
Affects overall climate and animal habitats
![Page 16: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
17. 5 factors that influence temp. on Earth
LatitudeHeating of land & waterAltitudeGeographic positionCloud cover
![Page 17: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
18. How does latitude affect Earth’s temp?
Latitude (distance from the equator)
Differences in amount of solar radiation received
Variations in the angle of sun’s rays
Length of daylight
![Page 18: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
19. Why do land & water have diff temps?
Land heats more rapidly and to higher temperatures than water
- Land also cools more rapidly and to lower temperatures than water
- Cities near water have a smaller daily temperature change
compared to cities more inland
![Page 19: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
20. What happens to temp. as you increase altitude
The higher the altitude, the colder the temperatures
![Page 20: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
21. When does summer solstice occur?
On June 21 or 22
![Page 21: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21. When does winter solstice occur?
On December 21 or 22
![Page 22: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
23. When does spring equinox occur?
March 21 or 22
![Page 23: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
24. When does autumnal equinox occur?
September 22 or 23
![Page 24: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
25. What is the tilt of Earth’s axis
23.5º
![Page 25: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
26. What causes seasons?
The tilt of the Earth’s axis
![Page 26: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
27. What are isotherms?
Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature
![Page 27: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
28. What is albedo?
Albedo- the fraction of total radiation that is reflected by any surface
![Page 28: Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061614/568130a9550346895d96b0fc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
29. Clouds and keeping Earth cool & warm..
Day- clouds reduce radiation and keep it cooler. No clouds means it’s warmer.
Night- it’s the opposite; clouds act like a blanket & keep it warm. A clear night means it’s cooler