chapter 17
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Chapter 17. Integumentary & Skeletal Systems. The Integumentary System. Includes: Epithelial cells make up skin & linings of digestive & respiratory Systems Skin, hair and nails Functions of the Skin: Protect from UV rays Regulate body temp Waste removal Barrier from infection - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 17Chapter 17
IntegumentaryIntegumentary
& &
Skeletal Skeletal
SystemsSystems
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Includes:Includes: Epithelial Epithelial cells make cells make
up skin & linings of up skin & linings of digestive & digestive & respiratory Systemsrespiratory Systems
Skin, hair and nailsSkin, hair and nails Functions of the Skin:Functions of the Skin:
Protect from UV raysProtect from UV rays Regulate body tempRegulate body temp Waste removalWaste removal Barrier from infectionBarrier from infection Sensory receptorSensory receptor
Two Main Layers & Two Main Layers & lower layerlower layer Epidermis Epidermis DermisDermis HypodermisHypodermis
AKA AKA adiposeadipose tissue tissue & & subcutaneous subcutaneous layerlayer
The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System
Arrector muscle
Dead skin cells
Erector muscle
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The EpidermisThe Epidermis Two Main LayersTwo Main Layers Top layer is made of dead Top layer is made of dead
cellscells Rapid cell division – entire Rapid cell division – entire
skin is replaced every 4 skin is replaced every 4 weeksweeks
Bottom layer is the Bottom layer is the basalbasal layerlayer
Skin Color from Skin Color from MelaninMelanin Produced in Produced in
melanocytesmelanocytes located in located in the basal layer of the the basal layer of the epidermisepidermis
The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System
Dermis
Epidermis
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MelanocytesMelanocytes Melanocytes Melanocytes have many have many
“fingers” that permeate through “fingers” that permeate through the dermis.the dermis.
Packets of Packets of MelaninMelanin migrate thru migrate thru these fingers and absorb the these fingers and absorb the harmful UV rays from the sun.harmful UV rays from the sun.
The more melanin – the darker The more melanin – the darker the skinthe skin
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The DermisThe Dermis Composed mainly of Composed mainly of
Epithelial CellsEpithelial Cells Specialized Epithelial Cells Specialized Epithelial Cells
form hair & nailsform hair & nails 2 types of glands 2 types of glands
sebaceous (oil)sebaceous (oil) – – secretes oil to protect secretes oil to protect skin & moisturize skin & moisturize
sweat glandssweat glands (perspiration)– help (perspiration)– help control body temp control body temp removes salts & wastes.removes salts & wastes.
Hair FolliclesHair Follicles Arrector Arrector musclemuscle Capillaries Capillaries Nerve endings sense – Nerve endings sense –
heat, cold, pressure, painheat, cold, pressure, pain Wrinkles occur here.Wrinkles occur here.
The Skin – The Dermis LayerThe Skin – The Dermis Layer
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Also known as Also known as (AKA):(AKA): Subcutaneous Subcutaneous
LayerLayer Adipose LayerAdipose Layer
Fatty tissueFatty tissue serves serves to insulate, protect to insulate, protect and add formand add form
The Skin - The Skin - HypodermisHypodermis
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The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System
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Skeletal SystemSkeletal System Main FunctionMain Function
Support the bodySupport the body Anchor point for muscle attachmentAnchor point for muscle attachment Protect vital organsProtect vital organs
206206 bones bones in the body in the body ½ are in the hands and feet ½ are in the hands and feet 2 main parts 2 main parts
Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton Appendicular Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton
6 smallest in the 6 smallest in the middle ear :middle ear :MalleusMalleus, , Incus, StapesIncus, Stapes
(hammer anvil & (hammer anvil & stirrup)stirrup)
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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk
Skull, Spine & Rib CageSkull, Spine & Rib Cage Vertebral column – Vertebral column – 33-3433-34
bones in bones in 5 regions5 regions Separated by cushioning Separated by cushioning
cartilaginous diskscartilaginous disks Cervical RegionCervical Region
7 vertebrae7 vertebrae 11stst vertebrae called the vertebrae called the
AtlasAtlas 22ndnd Vertebrae called the Vertebrae called the
AxisAxis
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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk
Thoracic RegionThoracic Region 12 vertebrae w rib pairs 12 vertebrae w rib pairs
attachedattached 11stst 7 are 7 are true ribstrue ribs – connected to – connected to
the sternumthe sternum Next 3 have Next 3 have false ribsfalse ribs – attached – attached
to the last true rib w/ cartilageto the last true rib w/ cartilage Last 2 vertebrae have Last 2 vertebrae have floating floating
ribsribs attached attached Sternum (Breast Bone)Sternum (Breast Bone) XiphoidXiphoid process process
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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk
Lumbar RegionLumbar Region – (lower – (lower back) w/ 5 ribsback) w/ 5 ribs
Sacrum Sacrum – 4-5 fused to – 4-5 fused to help make up the pelvishelp make up the pelvis
Coccyx RegionCoccyx Region – the – the “tail bone” – made up of “tail bone” – made up of 4 fused vertebrae4 fused vertebrae
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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton The Cranium (Skull) – about 22 The Cranium (Skull) – about 22
bonesbones
Know these bones: Frontal Bone, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Nasal, Maxilla, Mandible, Zygomatic,
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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The arms, legs, hands, feet, The arms, legs, hands, feet,
pectoral and pelvic girdlespectoral and pelvic girdles
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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The The pectoral and pelvic girdlespectoral and pelvic girdles
Know these bones:
Pectoral Girdal: Scapula, Clavicle, head of the Humerus,
Pelvic Girdal: Illium, Ischium, pubis, Sacrum, head of Femur
Sacrum
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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The arms and handsThe arms and hands
Know these bones:
Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals and phalanges.
Know how to name the fingers so you can identify the individual phalanges of each hand.
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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The Legs and FeetThe Legs and Feet
Know these bones:
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges, Talus, Calcaneus
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The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone The Legs and FeetThe Legs and Feet
Know these structures:
Periosteum, shaft, compact bone, spongy bone, Osteocyte, Haversian Canals, Lamella, red marrow, yellow marrow Periosteum – tough covering
which supplies blood vessels, nutrients and oxygen to the bone
Compact Bone – dense strong hard bone, makes up the shaft of long bones
Spongy Bone – porous bone filled w/ Marrow
red marrow – contains & makes red and white blood cells
Yellow marrow – contains fat and nerve cells
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The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone The Legs and FeetThe Legs and Feet
Know these structures:
Periosteum, shaft, compact bone, spongy bone, Osteocyte, Haversian Canals, Lamella, red marrow, yellow marrow Osteocyte – cells that manufacture bone cells- embedded in compact and spongy layers. Deposits Calcium to make the bone
Haversian Canals: network of tubes filled w/ vessels and nerves that supply marrow w/ materials
Lamella – Circular layers of bone make up compact hard bone
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The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone Growth & ConnectionsGrowth & Connections
Know these structures and terms:
Epiphyseal plate, cartilage, ligament, tendons, joint, suture, immovable, pivot, hinge, ball & socket, gliding
Epiphyseal Plates – area of growth in long bones
Cartilage: flexible yet strong cushioning connective tissue usually between bones
Tendon – connects muscle to bone
Ligament – connect bone to bone
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The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone Growth & ConnectionsGrowth & Connections
Know these structures and terms:
Epiphyseal plate, cartilage, ligament, tendons, joint, suture, immovable, pivot, hinge, ball & socket, gliding
Joint – place where two bones come together
Immovable: joints in the cranium
Hinge – Elbow & knee
Ball & Socket – Widest range of motion, Circular type movement shoulder & hip
Pivot – Allows side-to-side and up-and-down movement Vertebrae, radius/ulna
Gliding – some bending and twisting: wrist & ankle, fingers & toes
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Chapter 17Chapter 17
IntegumentaryIntegumentary
& Skeletal Systems& Skeletal Systems
That’s all folks!!That’s all folks!!