Chapter 16: Psychological Chapter 16: Psychological DisordersDisorders

What’s Abnormal

?

Anxious?

You’re going to pieces.

Ups and Downs

Confused?

400

1. A person may have a strong fear of 1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders, but it is not considered a spiders, but it is not considered a disorder unless it is:disorder unless it is:

• A) not based in reality.• B) the result of a traumatic

experience.• C) a harmless spider.• D) dysfunctional.

2. The DSM-IV has two main 2. The DSM-IV has two main goals:goals:

• A) to describe disorders and list their prevalence.

• B) to describe disorders and explain their causes.

• C) to provide an understanding of the underlying causes and treatment of disorders.

• D) to list disorders and reference their treatments.

3. 3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental If a person is diagnosed with Mental Retardation, this would be listed on the Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV:DSM-IV:

• A) on Axis I.• B) on Axis II.• C) on Axis III.• D) on Axis IV.

4. The recent influence of Martin 4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has resulted in a manual Seligman has resulted in a manual which differed from the DSM-IV, in which differed from the DSM-IV, in that: that: • A) it is more scientific.• B) it has more recent norms.• C) its focus is on strengths.• D) it includes treatment plans.

5.5. James has the medical condition of James has the medical condition of hypertension. This would be found hypertension. This would be found on the DSM-IV on:on the DSM-IV on:

• A) Axis I.• B) Axis III.• C) Axis IV.• D) Nowhere, this is not a mental

disorder.

6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, 6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, chest pains and trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking. She goes to the emergency room choking. She goes to the emergency room and is told she is not having a heart attack, and is told she is not having a heart attack, she is experiencing:she is experiencing:

• A) generalized anxiety.• B) a phobia.• C) agoraphobia.• D) a panic attack.

7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an 7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme.extreme.

• A) nervous behavior• B) shyness• C) introversion• D) avoidance

8. Hand washing several times until 8. Hand washing several times until the skin bleeds may be an example the skin bleeds may be an example of a(n):of a(n):

• A) compulsion.• B) obsession.• C) phobia.• D) panic attack.

9. It is suggested that it is the _______ 9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that abused children experience that that abused children experience that makes them more vulnerable to the makes them more vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults. effects of trauma when adults.

• A) abusive trauma• B) mental anguish• C) learned helplessness• D) repressed anxiety

10. Fear-learning experiences can 10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain, by creating traumatize the brain, by creating fear circuits within:fear circuits within:

• A) the left parietal lobe.• B) the prefrontal cortex.• C) the occipital lobes.• D) the amygdala.

11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real 11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case, he would most likely be currently case, he would most likely be currently diagnosed with:diagnosed with:

• A) multiple personality disorder.• B) paranoid schizophrenia.• C) dissociative identity disorder.• D) borderline personality disorder.

12. Showing little or no remorse, the 12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ____ personality disorder will person with ____ personality disorder will frequently lie, cheat or steal without frequently lie, cheat or steal without thinking of the consequences to thinking of the consequences to him/herself or to others.him/herself or to others. • A) antisocial• B) sociopathic• C) criminal• D) delinquent

13. Those with antisocial personality 13. Those with antisocial personality disorder show decreased functioning disorder show decreased functioning in the ___ of the brain.in the ___ of the brain.

• A) corpus callosum • B) frontal lobes• C) amygdala• D) thalamus

14. The person diagnosed with ____ 14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a heightened sensitivity to experiences a heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in withdrawing from rejection, resulting in withdrawing from others.others.

• A) antisocial personality disorder• B) multiple personality disorder• C) narcissistic personality disorder• D) avoidant personality disorder

15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. 15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. It felt like I was floating above my body. I never It felt like I was floating above my body. I never experienced anything like it.” You should tell experienced anything like it.” You should tell Julie _____.Julie _____.

• A) to lay off the booze for a while• B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up• C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder• D) this is a common occurrence of

dissociation and nothing to worry about

16. Mood disorders are characterized 16. Mood disorders are characterized by the emotional extremes of:by the emotional extremes of:

• A) depression and anxiety.• B) hopelessness and despair.• C) mania and depression.• D) bipolar and unipolar.

17. In any given year, a depressive 17. In any given year, a depressive episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the world.women across the world.

• A) 5.8 %; 9.5%• B) 6.4%; 11.5%• C) 10.3%; 20.2%• D) 15.6%; 25.3%

18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? 18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem is:problem is:

• A) they just want more and more excitement.• B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts

and behavior.• C) they ignore pain and just feel great.• D) they are too happy to deal with the

real world.

19. Those who have been through one 19. Those who have been through one episode of Major Depression:episode of Major Depression:

• A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at least 5 years.

• B) have a 50% chance of having another episode.

• C) never get better without treatment.• D) usually commit suicide within the

next year.

20. Drugs such as Prozac often help 20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a depressed mood because it:with a depressed mood because it:

• A) adds more serotonin.• B) increases serotonin and

norepinephrine.• C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin.• D) decreases norepinephrine and

increases serotonin.

21. A false belief that is strongly held in 21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is:spite of contradictory evidence is:

• A) a leap of faith.• B) a hallucination.• C) disorganized thinking.• D) a delusion.

22. The most common type of false 22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are:perceptions in schizophrenia are:

• A) delusions of grandeur.• B) visual hallucinations.• C) auditory hallucinations.• D) disorganized thinking.

23. Lack of emotional expression shown 23. Lack of emotional expression shown in schizophrenia is called: in schizophrenia is called:

• A) alogia.• B) avolition.• C) flat affect.• D) delusions.

24: Which of the following would be an 24: Which of the following would be an example of a example of a negative symptom?negative symptom?

• A) hallucinations• B) expressionless tone of voice• C) inappropriate laughter• D) delusional thinking

25. Robert has an identical twin who was 25. Robert has an identical twin who was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. just diagnosed with schizophrenia. Robert has about a ____ % chance of Robert has about a ____ % chance of developing schizophrenia.developing schizophrenia.

• A) 100• B) 50• C) 75• D) 15

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. A person may have a strong fear of 1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders, but it is not considered a spiders, but it is not considered a disorder unless it is:disorder unless it is:

• A) not based in reality.• B) the result of a traumatic

experience.• C) a harmless spider.• D) dysfunctional.

642

2. The DSM-IV has two main 2. The DSM-IV has two main goals:goals:

• A) to describe disorders and list their prevalence.

• B) to describe disorders and explain their causes.

• C) to provide an understanding of the underlying causes and treatment of disorders.

• D) to list disorders and reference their treatments.

644

3. 3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental If a person is diagnosed with Mental Retardation, this would be listed on the Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV:DSM-IV:

• A) on Axis I.• B) on Axis II.• C) on Axis III.• D) on Axis IV.

645

4. The recent influence of Martin 4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has resulted in a manual Seligman has resulted in a manual which differed from the DSM-IV, in which differed from the DSM-IV, in that: that: • A) it is more scientific.• B) it has more recent norms.• C) its focus is on strengths.• D) it includes treatment plans.

646

5.5. James has the medical condition James has the medical condition of hypertension. This would be of hypertension. This would be found on the DSM-IV on:found on the DSM-IV on:

• A) Axis I.• B) Axis III.• C) Axis IV.• D) Nowhere, this is not a mental

disorder.

645

6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, 6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, chest pains and trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking. She goes to the emergency room choking. She goes to the emergency room and is told she is not having a heart attack, and is told she is not having a heart attack, she is experiencing:she is experiencing:

• A) generalized anxiety.• B) a phobia.• C) agoraphobia.• D) a panic attack.

650

7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an 7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme.extreme.

• A) nervous behavior• B) shyness• C) introversion• D) avoidance

651

8. Hand washing several times until 8. Hand washing several times until the skin bleeds may be an example the skin bleeds may be an example of a(n):of a(n):

• A) compulsion.• B) obsession.• C) phobia.• D) panic attack.

651

9. It is suggested that it is the _______ 9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that abused children experience that that abused children experience that makes them more vulnerable to the makes them more vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults. effects of trauma when adults.

• A) abusive trauma• B) mental anguish• C) learned helplessness• D) repressed anxiety

652

10. Fear-learning experiences can 10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain, by creating traumatize the brain, by creating fear circuits within:fear circuits within:

• A) the left parietal lobe.• B) the prefrontal cortex.• C) the occipital lobes.• D) the amygdala.

655

11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real 11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case, he would most likely be currently case, he would most likely be currently diagnosed with:diagnosed with:

• A) multiple personality disorder.• B) paranoid schizophrenia.• C) dissociative identity disorder.• D) borderline personality disorder.

656

12. Showing little or no remorse, the 12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ____ personality disorder will person with ____ personality disorder will frequently lie, cheat or steal without frequently lie, cheat or steal without thinking of the consequences to thinking of the consequences to him/herself or to others.him/herself or to others. • A) antisocial• B) sociopathic• C) criminal• D) delinquent

677

13. Those with antisocial personality 13. Those with antisocial personality disorder show decreased functioning disorder show decreased functioning in the ___ of the brain.in the ___ of the brain.

• A) corpus callosum • B) frontal lobes• C) amygdala• D) thalamus

678

14. The person diagnosed with ____ 14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a heightened sensitivity to experiences a heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in withdrawing from rejection, resulting in withdrawing from others.others.

• A) antisocial personality disorder• B) multiple personality disorder• C) narcissistic personality disorder• D) avoidant personality disorder

677

15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. 15. Julie says, “I was not myself for a moment. It felt like I was floating above my body. I never It felt like I was floating above my body. I never experienced anything like it.” You should tell experienced anything like it.” You should tell Julie _____.Julie _____.

• A) to lay off the booze for a while• B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up• C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder• D) this is a common occurrence of

dissociation and nothing to worry about

656

16. Mood disorders are characterized 16. Mood disorders are characterized by the emotional extremes of:by the emotional extremes of:

• A) depression and anxiety.• B) hopelessness and despair.• C) mania and depression.• D) bipolar and unipolar.

658

17. In any given year, a depressive 17. In any given year, a depressive episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of episode plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the world.women across the world.

• A) 5.8 %; 9.5%• B) 6.4%; 11.5%• C) 10.3%; 20.2%• D) 15.6%; 25.3%

661

18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? 18. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem is:problem is:

• A) they just want more and more excitement.• B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts

and behavior.• C) they ignore pain and just feel great.• D) they are too happy to deal with the

real world.

660

19. Those who have been through one 19. Those who have been through one episode of Major Depression:episode of Major Depression:

• A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at least 5 years.

• B) have a 50% chance of having another episode.

• C) never get better without treatment.• D) usually commit suicide within the

next year.661

20. Drugs such as Prozac often help 20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a depressed mood because it:with a depressed mood because it:

• A) adds more serotonin.• B) increases serotonin and

norepinephrine.• C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin.• D) decreases norepinephrine and

increases serotonin.

664

21. A false belief that is strongly held in 21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is:spite of contradictory evidence is:

• A) a leap of faith.• B) a hallucination.• C) disorganized thinking.• D) a delusion.

669

22. The most common type of false 22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are:perceptions in schizophrenia are:

• A) delusions of grandeur.• B) visual hallucinations.• C) auditory hallucinations.• D) disorganized thinking.

670

23. Lack of emotional expression shown 23. Lack of emotional expression shown in schizophrenia is called: in schizophrenia is called:

• A) alogia.• B) avolition.• C) flat affect.• D) delusions.

670

24: Which of the following would be an 24: Which of the following would be an example of a example of a negative symptom?negative symptom?

• A) hallucinations• B) expressionless tone of voice• C) inappropriate laughter• D) delusional thinking

671

25. Robert has an identical twin who was 25. Robert has an identical twin who was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. just diagnosed with schizophrenia. Robert has about a ____ % chance of Robert has about a ____ % chance of developing schizophrenia.developing schizophrenia.

• A) 100• B) 50• C) 75• D) 15

674

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements• Step Up Created by:

– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.• Based on Psychology,

Eighth Edition • By David G. Myers• Published by• Worth Publishers

(2007)

AnswersAnswers

1. D2. A3. B4. C5. B6. D7. B8. A

9. C10. D11. C12. A13. B14. D15. D16. C

17. A18. B19. B20. C21. D22. C23. C24. B

25. B