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Chapter 15:

The Nation Breaking Apart

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 1 –Tensions Rise Between North and South p.480-487

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 1) One American’s Story 2) North and South Follow Different Paths 3) Industry and Immigration in the North 4) Agriculture and Slavery in the South 5) Slavery and Territorial Expansion 6) The Wilmot Proviso 7) The Compromise of 1850 8) The Crisis Deepens 9) The Fugitive Slave Act 10) Outrage Over the Act 11) Violence Erupts 12) The Kansas-Nebraska Act 13) Bleeding Kansas 14) Violence in Congress

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:

15. Wilmot Proviso

16. Free-Soil Party

17. Stephen A. Douglas 18. Compromise of 1850 19. Fugitive Slave Act

SURVEY continued

20. Harriet Beecher Stowe 21. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 22. Kansas-Nebraska Act 23. Bickering 24. Popular Sovereignty

Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 25. p.481

26. p.482

27. p.483

28. p.484

29. p.485 30. p.486

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 1 –Tensions Rise Between North and South p.480-487 QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

How were the North and South different?

Why was Westward expansion such a problem for Congress?

What were some of the solutions Congress tried to create to the Westward expansion problem?

Why did violence erupt in both Congress and Kansas?

What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war?

READ continued

37. The Compromise of 1850

Deal over slavery & new land. North gets CA free state & WashDC abolish slavery. South gets FSA & no bans on slavery in new lands. Douglas helps pass law. No one happy. 38. The Crisis Deepens

Instead of making people calm, the FSA riles them up. 39. The Fugitive Slave Act (FSA)

Escaped slaves captured in North without warrant or trial & taken South. North cause they are forced to help or punished (jail/$$). More North join abolitionists. 40. Outrage Over the Act

1852 HB Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin. It says slavery evil. North . South & says book is LIES! 41.Violence Erupts

FSA & Uncle Tom’s cause fights in Kansas (KS) and Congress. 42. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (KS-NE Act)

1854 Sen. Douglas creates KS-NE Act; uses popular sovereignty & breaks KS-NE into two parts. Destroys MO Compromise. 43. Bleeding Kansas

1855: Pro-slave MO citizens vote illegally in KS, create KS pro-slave government. KS Anti-group won’t follow new gov. Pro-group destroy town in “Sack of Lawrence.” In revenge, Anti-group John Brown kill 6 in “Potawatomie Massacre.” “Bleeding Kansas” turf war over slavery. 44. Violence in Congress

May 1856: Sen. Sumner (MA) makes anti-slave speech & insults Sen. Butler (SC). Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) attacks Sumner with cane & beats him unconscious. North horrified. South celebrates. Republican Party formed.

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:

31. One American’s Story

Alex noted there were big cultural differences between North & South. People motivated to work hard in North but not in South. 32. North and South Follow Different Paths

North was small farms, industry (factories) and commerce (trade). South was large plantation farming using slave labor. 33. Industry and Immigration in the North

Immigrants go to North for jobs. Transportation (canals & railroads) move westward. Against slavery because immoral and threat to JOBS! 34. Agriculture and Slavery in the South

Slavery good: offers food, clothing, shelter & Christianity. Rich owners run South. Poor whites okay with slavery because of “social superiority” & racism. 35. Slavery and Territorial Expansion

Missouri (MO) Compromise solved slavery issue in Congress for 26 years until Mex-Am War in 1846. 36. The Wilmot Proviso (WP)

Rep. D Wilmot’s (PA) idea to stop slavery in new land from Mex-Am War. South claims WP violates 4th Amendment property rights. It doesn’t pass—NO LAW. Political party formed Free-Soil Party. Makes slavery issue again in Congress.

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 1 –Tensions Rise Between North and South p.480-487 RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

45. How were the North and South different?

North: Factories; no slavery because it is immoral & threatens jobs; lots of immigrants; commerce (trade—merchants); small farms; expand westward by building transportation (railroads & canals) South: slave labor; believe slavery is GOOD for the slaves; large-scale plantations/estates; few immigrants; rely heavily on existing rivers for transportation, do not build many railroads 46. Why was Westward expansion such a problem for Congress?

New territory throws off the balance of power in Congress. If all slave areas, then South will have more power and can legalize slavery EVERYWHERE. If land doesn’t allow slavery, then the North will have more power and can outlaw ALL slavery in US. 47. What were some of the solutions Congress tried to create to the Westward expansion problem?

Wilmot Proviso: no slavery allowed in new land—didn’t pass

Free-Soil Party: political group that tries to stop expansion of slavery

Compromise of 1850: California is free state; abolishes slavery in DC; Fugitive Slave Act (FSA); new land open to slavery—passes

Popular sovereignty (KS-NE Act) allows people in an area to decide if they want slavery—passes

Republican Party: political group that wants to outlaw ALL slavery 48. Why did violence erupt in both Congress and Kansas?

Cheaters from Missouri (MO) vote illegally in KS election for slavery

Pro-slavery group “Sack of Lawrence” attack anti-slavery town & destroy it

John Brown and anti-slavery gang murder pro-slave neighbors in “Potawatomie Massacre”

“Bleeding Kansas” 3-year turf war between pro- and anti-slavery supporters

“Bleeding Congress” Sumner attacked on Senate floor by Brooks. 49. What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war? Top three issues:

Mexican-American War (War with Mexico)

Fugitive Slave Act/Stowe & UTC Bleeding Kansas

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Use one of the Thinking Maps below to help organize your thoughts before writing your paragraph.

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 1 –Tensions Rise Between North and South p.480-487 REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 2-Slavery Dominates Politics p.490-497

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 15) One American’s Story 16) Slavery and Political Division 17) The Republican Party Forms 18) Election of 1856 19) The Breaking Point 20) The Case of Dred Scott 21) The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 22) John Brown’s Raid

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 9. Republican Party

10. John C. Fremont

11. James Buchanan

12. Dred Scott v. Sandford 13. Roger B. Taney 14. Abraham Lincoln

SURVEY continued

15. Harpers Ferry 16. Whig Party 17. Know-Nothing Party

Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 18. p.491 19. p.492 20. p.493 21. p.494 22. p.495 23. p.496 24. p.497

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 2-Slavery Dominates Politics p.490-497

QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

How did slavery affect the political parties?

What was the Dred Scott case?

Why was the Lincoln-Douglas debate important?

What was John Brown’s raid?

What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war?

READ continued

29. The Breaking Point

Slavery debate went to US Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) in Dred Scott v. Sandford. 30. The Case of Dred Scott

MO slave Scott sued for freedom after owner died. Supreme Court Chief Justice Taney ruled against Scott (Scott LOST). Court said not a citizen, no rights, forced to follow MO slave codes (rules); Bans on slavery violate 5th Amendment property rights. 31.The Lincoln-Douglas Debate

1858 Reps choose Lincoln to take on Dem. Douglas for Illinois (IL) Senate seat. Lincoln & Douglas debate 7 times around IL. Lincoln against EXPANDING slavery; Douglas for pop.sov. Douglas wins re-election. Lincoln becomes famous in Rep Party. 32. John Brown’s Raid

1859 Brown & crew take control of US arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA, attempts to create slave revolt. No slaves show; Marines come & capture Brown & others. Brown convicted of conspiracy, treason, and murder. He is hanged. North treats Brown like a hero. South outraged.

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:

25. One American’s Story

Emily Edmonson & family escapes slavery. Stowe’s brother buys their freedom & Stowe sends them to Oberlin College. Emily becomes active abolitionist. 26. Slavery and Political Division

KS-NE Act caused Whig Party (1834-1854) to tear apart. South Whigs supports pop sov. North Whigs against Act. 27. The Republican Party Forms

North Whigs join Free-Soilers, abolitionists & North businessmen to form Republican Party (1854). Anti-slavery & pro-North. Choose John C. Fremont (the Pathfinder). 28. Election of 1856

Democrat James Buchanan (moderate/keep Union together) Republican John C. Fremont (abolish slavery) Know-Nothing Millard Fillmore (undecided on slavery) Fremont’s name left off of some South ballots. Buchanan wins Presidency.

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 2-Slavery Dominates Politics p.490-497 RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

33. How did slavery affect the political parties? 34. What was the Dred Scott case? 35. Why was the Lincoln-Douglas debate important? 36. What was John Brown’s raid? 37. What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war?

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Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 2-Slavery Dominates Politics p.490-497

Use one of the Thinking Maps below to organize your thoughts before writing your paragraph.

Slavery

Slavery Dominates Government

Legislative (Congress) Judicial (Supreme Court) Executive (Presidency)

Election of 1856 Dred Scott case

John Brown Raid Whig Party Breaks

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

Republican Party formed

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 2-Slavery Dominates Politics p.490-497 REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 3-Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession p.498-504

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 23) One American’s Story 24) The Election of 1860 25) The Split in the Democratic Party 26) Two Political Races 27) Southern States Seceed 28) The Confederate States of America 29) The Union’s Response 30) The Failure of Compromise 31) Lincoln’s Inauguration

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 10. Confederate States of America 11. Jefferson Davis 12. Crittenden Compromise 13. Platform 14. Secede

15. States’ Rights

SURVEY continued

Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 18. p.498 19. p.499 20. p.500 21. p.501 22. p.502 23. p.503

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 3-Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession p.498-504

QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

What were the results of the 1860 presidential election?

How did seven Southern states justify their decision to secede?

What happened at Lincoln’s inauguration?

What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war?

READ continued

29. Southern States Seceed

30. The Confederate States of America

31. The Union’s Response 32. The Failure of Compromise 33. Lincoln’s Inauguration

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:

25. One American’s Story 26. The Election of 1860 27. The Split in the Democratic Party 28. Two Political Races

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 3-Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession p.498-504 RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

34. What were the results of the 1860 presidential election? 35. How did seven Southern states justify their decision to secede? 36. What happened at Lincoln’s inauguration? 37. What issues and events shattered the nation’s unity and led to civil war?

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 3-Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession p.498-504 Use one of the Thinking Maps below to organize your thoughts before writing your paragraph.

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SQ3R Chapter 15 – The Nation Breaking Apart, Section 3-Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession p.498-504 REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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