CHAPTER 15: RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889

World fair 100th anniversary of the

storming of Bastillethe symbol for the

beginning of the French Revolution

Absolute Monarchy was overthrown by new Enlightenment principles of equality, citizenship and inalienable rights

UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889

It was founded by: Rizal

to bring together young Filipinos in the French capital enjoy their sojourn

in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition.

It will disappear: like lightning

(temporary nature)

KIDLAT CLUB

proud of the name Indiomake our Spanish enemies

revise their conception of the term

The Indios Bravos (brave Indians) replaced :the ephemeral Kidlat Club.

Members pledged:to excel in intellectual

and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners

sword and the pistol.Judo

INDIOS BRAVOS

Max Havelaar, Dutch Colonial Administrator, tries to battle against a corrupt

government system in Java (Indonesia), which was a Dutch colony

Cultivation System , which mandated Indonesian farmers to grow a quota of commercially tradable crops such as tea and coffee, instead of

growing staple foods such as rice. tax collection system in which the

collecting agents were paid by commission. resulting in poverty and widespread

starvation The novel raised the awareness of

Europeans living in Europe wealth that they enjoyed was the result

of suffering in other parts of the world. Max Havelaar is "the book that killed

colonialism"

MAX HAVELAAR (Eduard Dekker)

initials of the society’s secret name: Redencion de los Malayos

(Redemption of the the Malays).

The aim of the secret society:“propagation of all useful

knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Phil.” (patterned after Freemasonry)

Letter to Blumentritt:If it is impossible for me to give

freedom to my countryat least I should like to give it

to them in other lands (Borneo).

RDLM SOCIETY

ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED

Blumentritt on Rizal

Error: appraising the events of the past in the light of present

standardsabuses of the friars should not be

construed to mean the Catholicism is bad.

Dedicated to the Filipinos

they would know of their glorious past

Filipinos were already civilized before the advent

of Spain

clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences, and

commerce blasted the historical heresies of the

Spanish vs early Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality.

Rizal predicted:tragic end of

Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.

Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the sovereign countryall eventually

become independent

THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY

Filipinos had abandoned their pre-Spanish industries and worked less than their ancestorspeople could not

enjoy the fruits of their labor

it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for a rich man

INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr. Mariano Cunanan, from Mexico, Pampangapromised to help him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.

This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in Hong Kongdid not materialize

PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG

This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dimas Alang” is:a witty satire which

ridicules Fr. Font.Rizal predicted much

ahead of his times that people could carry on: overseas telephonic

conversations --- 12 years after the publication of Rizal’s “Por Telefono.”

POR TELEFONO

CHAPTER 16: IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS

The cost of living in Paris was very highbecause of the

Universal Exposition

The gay social life of the city: hampered his

literary works

2 REASONS TO LEAVE PARIS

The tagalong letters k and w should be used instead of the Spanish c and o.Salacot = salakot/ arao = araw

NEW ORTOGRAPHY OF TAGALOG LANGUAGE

Rizal’s letter to del Pilar:Coming to Europe to gamble

and to amuse himself ?but to work for his liberty and

for the dignity of his raceWe are serving the friars’

schemeWe in whom the poor people

place their modest hopes.The gambling Filipinos in

Madrid:were angry :Rizal’s moralizing“Papa” (Pope) instead of

“Pepe”

RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOS FOR GAMBLING

The management of the Dominican Hacienda: continually raised the land

rentsThe Dominican Order filed a suit

in court : to dispossess the Rizal family of

their lands in Calamba. Jose’s letter to Soledad

I have caused much harm to our family

raises us up and gives us more dignity in the eyes of our enemies

to fall with the head highsad thing is to fall with the stain

of dishonor

BAD NEWS FROM HOME

Letter to del Pilar:In my childhood I

had a strange belief that I would not reach 30 years of age.

I am preparing myself for death.

Laong Laan (Ever Ready) is my true name.

PRESENTIMENT OF DEATH

He could not stay in Brussels writing a book:while his family are persecuted

I want to go back to the PhilippinesWe are not making

any progress by following prudence

PREPARATION TO GO HOME

Something happened that suddenly made him change his plan. letter from Pacianolost the case against the Dominicans in Manila

but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain

A lawyer was needed to handle it in Madrid

Rizal wrote to del Pilar:retaining the latter’s services

as lawyer.

DECISION TO GO TO MADRID

niece of his landladies

brought some measure of cheer to the despondent Rizal, as he was preparing for his trip to Madrid

ROMANCE WITH PETITE JACOBY

CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID

FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR FAMILYAssociacion Hispano-FilipinaLiberal Spanish Newspapers

securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants

Minister of Colonies (Señor Fabie)

injustices committed by Gov.- Gen.Weyler & the Dominicans

El Resumen (Spanish Newspaper)

Sympathized with the Filipino cause

Ejectment order by the Dominicans

parents had been forcibly ejected from their home

aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen

Nothing came out of Rizal’s interview with Minister Fabie

statesmen merely gave him honeyed words of sympathy and nothing else

Blumentritt urged Jose to see Queen Regent Maria Cristina doesn’t have powerful friends to

bring him to her nor gold to grease the palms of authorities

The duel was based on a code of honour.

Duels were fought not so much to kill the opponent as to gain "satisfaction,"

to restore one's honour by demonstrating a:

willingness to risk one's life for it

DUEL

Luna was blaming Rizal for his failure to win herBecause of jealousy

and the effects of alcohol, Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie

Angered by the slanderous remarks:Jose challenged

Luna to a duel.

ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA

Wenceslao Retana:Used to attack the Filipinos,

including Rizal in various newspapers in Madrid

He wrote that the family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so that they were ejected from their lands

Rizal was insulted and challenged him to a duelRetana apologized in the

newspapers for he believed that discretion is better part of valor

Because of the incident, Retana developed a deep admiration for JoseRetana wrote Jose’s biography and

martyrdom

RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL

One night he and some friends attended a play at Teatro ApoloThe loss of the locket proved to be a bad omen

Rizal received a letter from Leonor, announcing: her coming

marriage to an Englishman

INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA

Jose’s idealism: was not shared by others who

loved wine, women, and cardsThey resented Jose’s

interference in their private livesFilipinos decided that a leader

called “Responsable” be votedto direct the affairs of the

Filipino community and to determine the editorial policy of the La Solidaridad

Del Pilar opposed the proposition periodical be placed under the

control of the Responsable on the ground that it was a private enterprise

RIZAL-DEL PILAR RIVALRY

The Filipinos were divided into two hostile camps: the Rizalistas and the

PilaristasJose obtained the

necessary 2/3 vote andbecame the Responsable

But Jose graciously declined the coveted positionthan be the cause of

disunity and bitterness among his countrymen

RIZAL ABDICATES HIS LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 18: BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE WITH NELLY BOUSTEAD

Jose proposed marriage to Nellie (rebound love from Leonor)

Rizal’s marriage proposal failed for two reasons:

He refused to give up his catholic faith and be converted to Protestantism, as Nelly demanded

Nelly’s mother did not like Rizal as son-in-law

ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD

Simultaneous with his retirement from the Propaganda MovementRizal ceased writing articles for La

SolidaridadDel Pilar himself realized:

the need for Rizal’s collaboration in both the Propaganda Movement and in the La Solidaridad newspaper

Jose’s reply to del Pilar:Rizal denied any resentment He considered it very important to

the party that there be unity in the work

More time to work on his novel (completed in Biarritz)

He wanted other Filipinos to work also

RIZAL STOPPED WRITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD