chapter 15 life at the turn of the century
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Chapter 15 Life at the Turn of the Century. Sec. 1 Review Who were the “Old Immigrants?”. 1800-1880 Immigrants from Northern & Western Europe United Kingdom The Netherlands Germany Sweden & Norway. Who were the New Immigrants?. 1880-1910 Mainly from Eastern & Southern Europe Poland - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 15
Life at the Turn of the
Century
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Sec. 1 ReviewWho were the “Old
Immigrants?”• 1800-1880• Immigrants from
Northern & Western Europe– United Kingdom– The Netherlands– Germany– Sweden & Norway
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Who were the New Immigrants?
• 1880-1910• Mainly from
Eastern & Southern Europe– Poland– Hungary– Czechoslovakia – Russia– Italy– Greece
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Reasons for Mass Immigration from Eastern Europe:
• Poverty• Overcrowding & Joblessness• Religious Persecution
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Where did most of the “New Immigrants” live?
CITIES
Little Italy, New York
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Settlement of Immigrants (1880)
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Where Were Immigrants Processed?Ellis Island
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Where did Asian Immigrants Arrive in
U.S.?Angel Island (San Francisco)
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years
• Chinese in America could not get citizenship
• WHY?– 1870’s: American economy takes downturn– Many Chinese lived in cities doing low-
wage work– Chinese blamed for taking jobs and making
wages decrease– Denis Kearney – “The Chinese must go!”
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What people opposed immigration?
NATIVISTS• Labor Unions
blamed immigrants for lower wages, taking jobs & breaking strikes
• Prejudice (ex. Anti-Semitism, anti-Chinese, Anti-Catholic)
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Effects of Immigration
1. America becomes more multicultural
2. Development of ethnic communities
3. Increase in U.S. population 4.Rapid Urbanization
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UrbanizationThe Rise of Cities
• 1900: 40% of American’s living in cities• Cities grew by native-born Americans
relocating to cities from rural areas and from increasing immigrant population
• 1897-1930: 1 million southern blacks migrate north & west to cities.
How does urbanization connect to
industrialization?
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Patterns of Urban Growth - 1880
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Urban Changes Why did cities grow?
1. Mass-Transit Technology• Before mass-transit, people had to live within
walking distance of the city.• 1890’s: Electric trolleys, streetcars, subways
developed• Lead’s to residential communities forming
outside the city
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Construction of NYC Subway System1901
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Urban Changes2. Skyscrapers • Made possible by innovations of the
Industrial Revolution: steel, elevators & central steam heating.
• Allowed cities to expand rapidly by building upward
• Home Insurance Building in Chicago – first true skyscraper at 10 stories high!
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Changing New York City Skyline
1898
1931
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What is the World’s Tallest Building now?
Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates
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Urban Changes3. Ethnic Neighborhoods• Immigrant groups settled into distinct
ethnic neighborhoods• Ethnic neighborhoods allowed immigrants
to maintain their cultural heritage: language, culture, churches/temples & social clubs.
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Residential Suburbs• Streetcars & Trains allow people to
live in communities outside of cities
• Wealthy & middle classes wanted to escape bad conditions in city
• Example of increasing disparity between upper/middle class and the working class poor.
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Roxbury Highlands, Massachusetts
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Andrew Carnegie’s Home
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Class Divisions• Working class lived in crowded cities• Tenement Apartments
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Why is this era called“The Gilded Age?”
• Phrase coined by Mark Twain• “Gilded” – something covered
with an outward layer of gold• An era of economic growth
and wealth that covered deep societal issues, such as…– Poverty– Government Corruption– Materialism– Poor working conditions
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Political Corruption• Political Machines
controlled city politics• Political Bosses
worked to:– Ensure their candidates
were elected– Make sure that city
government worked to their advantage
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Machine Organization
City BossWard
BossesPrecinct Workers,
Immigrants
“The Boss” – Controlled jobs, business licenses & influenced the Court system“Ward Bosses” – Usually 2nd generation immigrants. Helped immigrants with jobs, housing and naturalization in exchange for votes.
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James Garfield • Refuses to give certain
members of the Republican party jobs.
• Assassinated by Charles Guiteau
• • VP Chester Arthur becomes President and begins reforming the Federal Government & fighting “the spoils system”
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Government CorruptionThe Spoils System
• Begun by President Andrew Jackson
• New President would dismiss 1,000’s of government workers & replace with his supporters in his party.
• “To the victor goes the spoils of war”
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
• Supported by President Arthur & passed by Congress 1883
• Legislated that government jobs be based on merit.
• Applicants would take a Civil Service Test to determine if they were qualified
• Made it illegal to fire government employees based on party affiliation
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Beginning of an era of
REFORM
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Now on to ….The Populist Movement
Go to the blog…open “Populist Movement
Guided Reading”
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