CHAPTER 15CHAPTER 15

Blood and Freedom, 1863 - 1867

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People at War: Spring 1863People at War: Spring 1863

Soldier life was harsh, with disease killing twice as many as wounds

Both sides used courage, hatred, and religious fervor to justify the carnage

Civilians on both sides begin to question reasons for war

Lincoln’s critics become more vocal Conscription Act

War Department created Department of Colored Troops

Black Soldiers in the Union Army

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The Battlefields of Summer: 1863The Battlefields of Summer: 1863

Lee wins at Fredericksburg, but at high cost 13,000 causalities Stonewall Jackson killed

Lee is defeated at Gettysburg 35,000 causalities

Vicksburg falls to Grant Union controls Mississippi River

Immigrant battle losses contributed to draft riots in New York City

Grant takes command of eastern theater Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Vicksburg

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Battle of Gettysburg,

July 1-3, 1863

Virginia, 1863

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The Winter of Discontent:1863 -1864The Winter of Discontent:1863 -1864

Political foes oppose both Lincoln and Davis Confederate prison camps earn terrible

reputations Grant takes control of entire Union army Southerner Andrew Johnson becomes Lincoln’s

running mate in 1864 election Sherman’s March to Sea breaks will of South Lincoln’s re-elected

Grant Against Lee in Virginia

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Battle of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania

Campaign for Atlanta, May-September 1864

Election of 1864

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From War to Reconstruction: 1865 - From War to Reconstruction: 1865 - 18671867

Thirteenth Amendment is enacted War ends on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox

Courthouse Lincoln is assassinated at Ford’s Theatre April 14

John Wilkes Booth Consequences of War

620,000 American dead Destruction of Southern economy North passed significant legislature

Emancipation brings less than true freedom to blacks in South Freedmen’s Bureau

Territory of War

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Black MobilizationBlack Mobilization

Major goal of blacks in South was gaining vote Johnson followed Lincoln’s moderate plan for

reconstruction of South

“black codes” Radicals in Congress override Johnson and passed

Fourteenth Amendment Reconstruction Act divides and occupies South

Ku Klux Klan

Northerners head South to help blacks African American elected to some state

constitutional conventions

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What was the significance of the battle of Gettysburg? Was it the turning point of the war?

How did Grant and Sherman change the face of the war?

How did the death of Lincoln effect reconstruction? Did radical republicans help or hurt civil rights for blacks in the South?

What were the total costs and consequences of the Civil War?