chapter 14: the motions of earth, the sun, and the moon
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Chapter 14: The Motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. Revolution movement of a planet or other body around another body All planets revolve around the Sun Earth revolves around the Sun every 365 ¼ days or 1 year. 14-1: Motions of Earth. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Revolution movement of a planet or other body around another body All planets revolve around the Sun
Earth revolves around the Sun every 365 ¼ days or 1 year
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Rotation spinning of a planet or other body on its axis Earth rotates west to east Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours or 1 day
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Axis imaginary line through the center of a planet or other body around which it spins Earth is tilted 23 ½ ° on its axis
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Solar Noon time of day when the sun is highest in the sky
There are 24 times zones in the world Each time zone is 15° wide
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U.S. has 8 time zones total
4 for the continental U.S. Pacific, Mountain, Central, & Eastern
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As you go west, you lose timeAs you go east, you gain timeInternational Date Line boundary where each new day starts
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Seasons are caused by Tilt of the Earth Movement around the Sun
Angle which the Sun’s rays strike Earth’s surface
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Summer = tilted towards Sun; more direct rays
Winter = tilted away from Sun; more indirect rays Winter in N. Hemisphere = Summer in S. Hemisphere
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Distance btw Earth & Sun change throughout the year
Seasons do not depend on distance from Sun
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Perihelion closest point to Sun (happens in January) Earth is 147 million km from Sun
aphelion farthest point to Sun (happens in July) Earth is 152 million km from Sun
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Solstice the beginning of summer and winter
1 Pole has 24 hours of daylight, the other Pole has 24 hours of darkness
Summer Solstice is on or about June 21; N. Pole light, S. Pole dark
Winter Solstice is on or about December 21; N. Pole dark, S. Pole light
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Equinox the Sun is directly over the equator at solar noon; the beginning of spring & fall
12 hrs. of light/12 hrs. of dark Vernal (spring) equinox is around March 21
Autumnal (fall) equinox is around September 21
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Moon revolves around Earth every 27 1/3 days Moon revolves @ 3,500 km/hr
Moon rotates on its axis every 27 1/3 days
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Apogee moon farthest from Earth
Perigee moon closest to Earth
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When Earth, Moon, Sun line up in their orbits & all 3 gravities are working together = really high tides and really low tides. This is a Spring Tide. Happens twice a month
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When Moon & Sun at right angles & gravities working against each other = no high or low tides. This is a Neap Tide. Happens twice a month
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Moon appears to rise in east and set in west
Moon comes into view at moonrise 50 minutes later each day
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Moon appears to change shape because of the way it reflects light from the Sun
Phases depend on the position of the Sun, Moon, & Earth
Moon takes 29 ½ days to go through all phases
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Waxing increasing in light New Moon no light Waxing Crescent1/4 right side lit
1st Quarter right 1/2 lit Waxing Gibbous 3/4 right side lit
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Waning decreasing in light Full Moon all light Waning Gibbous 3/4 left side lit
3rd Quarter left 1/2 lit Waning Crescent left 1/4 lit
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Umbra center, dark part of a shadow
Penumbra outside, lighter part of a shadow
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Lunar Eclipse when the moon passes directly through Earth’s shadow Can only occur during a full moon
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Total Lunar Eclipse when the moon moves entirely into Earth’s umbra; all sunlight is blocked = moon entirely dark Total lunar eclipse is rare & don’t happen regularly
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Partial Lunar Eclipse only part of the moon moves into Earth’s umbra; some sunlight is blocked = part of moon dark
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Solar Eclipse when the moon passes directly btw Earth & Sun
Most of Sun’s surface is blacked out & we see the corona
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Total Solar Eclipse entire face of Sun blocked by moon seen in small area of world
Partial Solar Eclipse only part of the face of the Sun is blocked seen over a larger area
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