chapter 14. thaddeus stevens leading radical republican in congress during reconstruction; from pa
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 14
THADDEUS STEVENSLeading Radical
Republican in Congress during Reconstruction;
From PA
VP from Tenn.; Pres. after Lincoln’s Death; Restoration plan & Impeachment
EDWIN STANTON
SECRETARY OF WAR SUSPENDED & REMOVED BY
ANDREW JOHNSON
Civil War Hero; Republican President elected 1868 & 1872
HIRAM REVELS1st AFRICAN-
AMERICAN SENATOR;
MINISTER FROM MISSISSIPPI;; UNION ARMY
CHAPLAIN
HORACE GREELEYNY NEWSPAPER
EDITOR; 1872 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
13th Amendment1865—
Abolished Slavery in the United States
14th Amendment1868—granted full citizenship to those born in
the US; required states to grant citizens equal protection of the laws; most cited Amendment in the Supreme Court
15th Amendment1870—prohibited the
state & federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
PLANS TO RECONSTRUCT
Wade-Davis Bill—July 1864—50% swear loyalty, ban slavery, no Confederates can hold office; only those who swore they didn’t fight Union could vote
Lincoln’s 10% Plan—Dec. 1863; 10% swear loyalty; ban slavery; amnesty
JOHNSON “RESTORATION”
May 1865—Most Southerners granted amnesty once swore loyalty; Confederates officials & landowners could be pardoned by the Pres; Only loyal could vote; Must ratify 13th Amendment
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
1865—government agency set up to help freedmen;
Distributed food, clothing, medicine; set up schools & gave aid to new African-American colleges;
Helped people acquire land & work;Set up courts to protect freedmen’s
rights
BLACK CODESPermitted plantation
owners to exploit freedmen workers & allowed officials to arrest & fine jobless freedmen; banned freedmen from owning or renting farms;
KLU KLUX KLANSecret society that used fear & violence to
deprive African Americas of their rights & advocate white supremacy
JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT
Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act by suspending Sec. of War-Stanton without Senate approval the House voted to impeach Johnson for misconduct the trial in the Senate must have 2/3 vote for conviction Johnson survived impeachment by 1 vote 35-19;
JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT
Many believed impeachment was politically motivated & that Pres. Shouldn’t be removed
due to political differences
Reconstruction Act of 1867
South divided into 5 military districts & placed under authority of military commander; freedmen get right to vote in state elections; prevented former Confederate leaders from
holding office; to rejoin states had to ratify the 14th Amendment
SOUTH REGAINS CONTROL
Northerners lost interest in Reconstruction—South should solve its own problems; Radical leaders faded away; corruption in Grant’s administration; South protested “bayonet rule”; Amnesty Act of 1872—nearly all white Southerners can vote & hold office again
GRANT (REP) DEFEATS SEYMOUR (DEM)
GRANT (REP) DEFEATS GREELEY (DEM)
HAYES (REP) DEFEATS TILDEN (DEM)