CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14

Descent into War, 1861 - 1862

Web

War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861

Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion” States make decision on secession Northern advantage

Population Industry

Southern advantages Could fight defensive war Military academies Cotton

Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants to capture Mississippi River Anaconda plan

Southern Secession

©20

04 W

adsw

orth

, a d

ivis

ion

of T

hom

son

Lea

rnin

g, I

nc.

Tho

mso

n L

earn

ing ™

is a

trad

emar

k us

ed h

erei

n un

der

lice

nse.

War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.’d)(cont.’d)

Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the

Union 500,000 Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle

J.E.B. Stuart “Stonewall” Jackson Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won

Women participate in war from earliest days Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July

21, 1861

War Takes Command: August 1861 War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862to March 1862

Lincoln has problems finding competent generals George McClellan John Fremont

War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on economy and homefront

Northern blockade is effective against South Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get

foreign help

War Takes Command: August 1861 War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862to March 1862 (cont.’d)(cont.’d)

General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards Mississippi River Fort Donelson

Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate Navies USS Monitor CSS Virginia

Campaigns in the West

©20

04 W

adsw

orth

, a d

ivis

ion

of T

hom

son

Lea

rnin

g, I

nc.

Tho

mso

n L

earn

ing ™

is a

trad

emar

k us

ed h

erei

n un

der

lice

nse.

The Union on the Offensive: March The Union on the Offensive: March to September 1862to September 1862 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh,

Tennessee, win victory over South William T. Sherman

New Orleans falls to Union troops David Farragut

Confederates resort to conscription Seven Days’ War

30,000 killed and wounded Conflict was not decisive for either side

Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862

Peninsula Campaign, 1862

©20

04 W

adsw

orth

, a d

ivis

ion

of T

hom

son

Lea

rnin

g, I

nc.

Tho

mso

n L

earn

ing ™

is a

trad

emar

k us

ed h

erei

n un

der

lice

nse.

Slavery under AttackSlavery under Attack Slavery becomes more central issue

Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands”

Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation

Copperheads

South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains losses at Antietam 25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam

By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate

Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862

©20

04 W

adsw

orth

, a d

ivis

ion

of T

hom

son

Lea

rnin

g, I

nc.

Tho

mso

n L

earn

ing ™

is a

trad

emar

k us

ed h

erei

n un

der

lice

nse.

Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862Web

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the North and the South as the war began?

Compare and contrast the war strategies of the Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win?

Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What effect did it have on the war?

Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was he an effective wartime president? What were his greatest mistakes?