Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Bones, muscle, and skin Bones, muscle, and skin

Sections 1& 2Sections 1& 2

Mrs. Bailey 7Mrs. Bailey 7thth grade grade

ObjectivesObjectives

• Levels of organization of human body• Tissue types• Body systems overview• Skeletal system overview

– 4 categories of bone– 5 functions– Moveable and immoveable joints– Bone structure

• Compact vs. spongy bone• Marrow red and yellow

Section 1-Body organizationSection 1-Body organization

• The levels of organization in the body consist of cells, tissue, organs, & organ systems

• Cell-basic building unit of life

• Tissue-a group of similar cells

• Organs- a group of different tissue

• Organ system- a group of organs working together.

Tissue typesTissue types

• 4 types of tissue• Muscular tissue- makes up the muscles to

allow movement• Nervous tissue- makes up nerves that

send messages• Epithelial tissue- make up the skin that

covers and protects• Connective tissue- make up the bones.

Connects and supports parts of the body.

Section 2-Organ systemsSection 2-Organ systems

• The human body is made of 11 different systems:

• Skeletal Respiratory Immune

• Muscular Excretory

• Circulatory Endocrine

• Nervous Reproductive

• Digestive Cardiovascular

Skeletal systemSkeletal system

• Consists of all the bones in your body.

• Infants have 350 bones that fuse together as the baby grows.

• Adults have 206 bones.• Smallest bone-stirrup (found in inner ear)• Largest bone-femur (found in thigh)• Bones consist of living material that grows and

repairs itself

How are bones classifiedHow are bones classified

• 4 categories of bone

• 1. long bones ( legs and arms)

• 2. short bones (wrists and ankles)

• 3. flat bones (ribs, sternum, skull, shoulder)

• 4. irregular bones (vertebrae and all other bones)

Skeletal systemSkeletal system

• 5 Functions of skeletal system:

• 1. Shapes and supports the body

• 2. Helps with movement along with muscle system

• 3. Protects internal organs (heart, brain)

• 4. Produces blood cells using marrow

• 5. stores minerals such as calcium.

How do bones move?How do bones move?

• Joints , places in the body where two bones meet, allow for bending, twisting, swinging, rotating and sliding.

• www.PHSchool.com web code cep-4012

Moveable vs Immoveable JointsMoveable vs Immoveable Joints

• Immoveable Joints- places where bones are connected but they cannot move

• Ex. Skull

• Movable Joints- allow movement between bones– Ligaments-connect bone to bone– Cartilage- strong, flexible, connective tissue

found in nose, ears and between joints.

Types of moveable jointsTypes of moveable joints

• 4 types of moveable joints• 1.Hinge joint- allows forward and

backward motion (knee, elbow)• 2. Ball and socket -allows greatest range

of circular motion (hip & shoulder)• 3. Pivot joint -allows for rotation (side to

side) neck• 4.Gliding joint -allows bending (wrists &

ankles)

Bone structureBone structure

• Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development

• Bones are covered by a thin membrane.

• Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through the membrane.

• Composed of compact and spongy bone.

Bone structureBone structure

• Compact bone – hard and dense but not solid. • Spongy bone- Located at the ends of bones.

Contains many small spaces• Marrow- connective tissue found inside the

bone.– Red marrow- produces red blood cells (children)– Yellow marrow- produces and stores fats (teens)

Femur-longest single bone in Femur-longest single bone in human body that makes up 25% of human body that makes up 25% of

a persons height.a persons height.

Review questionsReview questions

• 1. What are two types of bone marrow?

• 2. How are moveable joints held together?

• 3. What are the functions of the skeletal system?

• 4. What is the level of organization of the human body?

• 5. What is the difference between tissue and organs?