chapter 14 and 15 standard 2 chemical bonding
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 14 and 15 Standard 2 Chemical Bonding c. Students know that salt crystals are held together by repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 14 and 15Standard 2 Chemical
Bondingc. Students know that salt crystals are held together by repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
d: Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one
another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid
form.
I. Physical Properties of the states of matter
Property Gas Liquid Solid
Compressibility
Density
Volume
Shape
Diffusion
Volume when heated
Yes Slightly No
Lowest Moderate
High
Fills container
Definite Definite
of container of container own shape
Rapid Slow Slow-None
Increase Decrease Decrease
Compressibility of gases and
liquids
Ice in water Ice in alcohol
Liquids and Gases take the shape of container
The molecules in a solid, though they vibrate, do not move very far. When they
wiggle, they wiggle in place. They fit closely together and
keep their position.
Liquids behave this way because in a liquid, the molecules are moving around more than the
molecules in a solid. They slide over each other.
The molecules in a gas are moving around like crazy, bouncing everywhere. They do not
have to stay close to one another
Gases take the shape
of container
What is happening to the volume of a solid when it is heated?
What’s happening to the volume of liquid when heated?
Please define the following terms, they arefound in chapter 14: pages 457-489
1. Intramolecular force
2. Intermolecular force
3. Viscosity
4. Surface Tension
5. Vaporization
6. Condensation
7.Sublimation
8.Deposition
9.Heat of Fusion
10.Heating Curve
What would distinguish among What would distinguish among HH22O O (gas)(gas) HH22O O (liquid)(liquid) HH22OO( solid)( solid)??
steam liquid
ice
Gas Liquid
Solid
Intramolecular Force Intermolecular ForceA. Definition A. Definition
B. Three Types B. Three Types (known as Van Derwaal’s Forces)
C. Example: H2O C. Example: H2O
D. Strength D. Strength
The force of attraction between atoms in the same molecule….BONDING
The force of attraction between an atom of one molecule and its neighboring molecule.
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Dipole-Dipole, Dispersion & Hydrogen Bonding
Within the same molecule
Intermolecular Force.
The connection between one molecule to another.
Very strong Relatively Weak
To break H-O bond in a water molecule, it takes 463kJ of
energy
To break this force of attraction it takes 6 kJ of energy (for melting)
40.1kJ of energy (for vaporization)
: : --
++
: :
:
:
-
-
-
-
++
+
+
III. Compounds ( ) are HELD by
Metal and Nonmetal Electrostatic Attraction
Stop Day 1
Ionic Bond
Intra v. Inter
Inside Outside
Takes much energy to break! Takes little energy to break!
Intramolecular v. Intermolecular Forces
“Hand-Holding from one Molecule to another
1. Hydrochloric Acid
+_ +
_+
_
Opposite charges attract!!
1. Dipole-Dipole Attraction between opposite charges of neighboring
dipoles.
Dipole-Dipole (a type of intermolecular force )
Draw three molecules of HCl
Covalent Bond
(Intramolecuar)
IV. Types of Intermolecular forces:
Hydrogen Sulfide
• Draw 3 molecules of H2S.
_
++
++ + +
_ _
:
::
:
: :
2. Dispersion
Temporarily creating a dipole by inducing conditions (sufficientlyincreasing pressure and dereasing the temperature): examples: Noblegases/gases
Electrons are not equally distributed at one instant which gives a small instantaneous dipole and the atom or molecule
itself becomes a small dipole.
Helium
Neon condensing
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
O
H
+H
+
•• ••-
3. HYDROGEN “BONDING”: When Hydrogen is linked to :
Do you remember how much it takes
to melt?
Do you remember how much it takes
to break?
Fluorine, Oxygen or NitrogenThis stuff is FON!!!!
463kJ 6kJ to melt
evaporate?
40.1kJ to evaporate
b. Ammonia
: : :
Hydrogen bonding
H with N
Video on states of matter..\Streaming Video Files\Gases__Liquids__and_Solids
20 min.asx
Start at 8:35
Heating Curve
Time
Solid
Liqui
d
Gas
MeltingFreezing
EvaporationCondensat
ion
Sublimat
ion
Deposition
Melting is also known as Heat of fusion
0
100
oC
sec, min, hr,
Endothermic
Exothermic
Some Properties of LIQUIDSSome Properties of LIQUIDS
Thickness of a liquid: liquid’s resistance to flow.1. Viscosity:
Due to strong intermolecular forces holding molecules together
Viscosity decreases with increasing temperature
2.Surface Tension•A thin membrane made of water molecules on the surface of water.