CHAPTER 13HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

SECTION 1 MEDITERRANEAN

EUROPE

GREECE IS THE BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY.

IT WAS SEPARATED INTO CITY-STATES.

WHAT IS A CITY-STATE?

IT WAS ALSO A CULTURAL HEARTH FORWESTERN EUROPE, BECAUSE OF ITSDRAMA, PHILOSOPHY, LANGUAGE,

ART, AND SCIENCE.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

AFTER GREECE LOST POWER AND INFLUENCE, DUE TO WARS AND CONQUERERS, ROME BECAME THE NEW POWER

THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT WAS A REPUBLIC IT STRETCHED FROM THE BRITISH ISLES

TO NORTHERN AFRICA AT ITS HEIGHT.

MOVING TOWARD MODERN TIMES

The Crusades began when the Muslims invaded the Holy Lands and prevented Christians from worshipping there.

A series of wars and pilgrimages had Christians from Europe passing through Italy and southern Europe on their way to Jerusalem.

This caused the Italian city-states to grow rich.

THE RENAISSANCE

THE RENAISSANCE, OR “REBIRTH,”

WAS A REVIVAL OF THE ARTS, LITERATURE AND LEARNING FROM THE GOLDEN AGE OF

THE GREEKS.

IT BEGAN IN ITALY AND SPREAD THROUGHMOST OF EUROPE

BUBONIC PLAGUE, THE “BALCK DEATH”

OUTBREAKS OF THEBUBONIC PLAGUE, CARRIED BY THE FLEAS OF RATS, KILLED NEARLY ONE THIRD OF EUROPE’S POPULATIONIN SEVERAL OUTBREAKS.

SPAIN’S EMPIRES

MUSLIMS INVADED SPAIN FROM

NORTHERN AFRICA IN THE 700’S

SPAIN’S QUEEN ISABELLA AND KING FERDINAND UNITED SPAIN

AND BEGAN

SUPPORTING EXPLORATIONS TO THE

NEW WORLD IN THE LATE 1400’S

EUROPE’S CULTURE

LANGUAGES EVOLVED FROM THE ROMAN LANGUAGE , LATIN

LANGUAGES WERE CIRCULATED BY THE PUBLISHING OF RELIGIOUS WORKS

DURING THE REFORMATION, THE

FORMATION OF THE PROTESTANT

CHURCHES, SUCH AS THE LUTHERAN, METHODIST, ANGLICAN, AND OTHERS

ART

ART FLOURISHEDIN ITALY, FRANCE,

AND THE NETHERLANDS

THE ROMAN CONSTRUCTIONS

LIKE THEAQUEDUCTS AND

PANTHEONREMAIN AS RUINS

TODAY

THE PANTHEON IN ROME

BY DUTCH PAINTERVERMEER

THE PIETABY

MICHANGELO

A ROMAN AQUEDUCT

ECONOMICS

THROUGH THE YEARS, EUROPE HAS MOVED FROM AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY

THE EUROPEAN UNION, FORMED IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY

– INCREASED MANUFACTURING– STANDARDIZED THE MONEY SYSTEM

WITH THE EURO– INCREASED TRADE WITHIN THE

CONTINENT