Chapter 12 – Chapter 12 – Section 5: Section 5:

China and the New China and the New Imperialism Imperialism

What did Europe and China trade?◦China traded silk, porcelain, tea◦Europeans gave gold, silver, opium

What was the Opium War?Causes– British grew opium in India and traded to

China for tea–many Chinese became addicted– China use silver to pay for opium → hurt

economy– Chinese govt tried to ban opium, but

Britain claimed free trade– Chinese complained because opium was

illegal in Britain, but still sold – 1839 war → Britain easily won

Results– 1842 Treaty of Nanjing–China paid indemnity → payment of losses in war–Britain received Hong Kong–China opened up 5 ports to foreign trade–British citizens in China got extraterritoriality → the right to live under own laws and be tried in own courts

– one of several unequal treaties that forced China to make concessions to western powers

What was the Taiping Rebellion?◦1850-1864◦peasants rebelled against poverty and

misery◦leader Hong Xiuquan → wanted

Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace◦won control of some parts of China

and almost took over Qing dynasty

How did China begin to reform?Self-Strengthening Movement– 1860s reformers– imported western technology–made factories– developed shipyards, railroads, mining,

industry– translated western works– not supported by govt → little progress

War with Japan– 1868 Japan began to modernize and join

imperialism– 1894 Sino-Japanese War (China vs. Japan)–Japan won and gained Taiwan–showed China’s weakness

Spheres of Influence– an area where outside power has exclusive

investment and trading rights– after China’s loss to Japan, western powers

moved to “carve out” spheres of influence– U.S. did not but wanted to trade → Open

Door Policy

What was the Boxer Rebellion?Causes– 1899 secret society Righteous Harmonious

Fists (used martial arts → called “Boxers”– wanted to get rid of foreigners in China– 1900 Boxers attacked foreigners– western powers and Japan made

multinational force and crushed revolt

Results / Effects– with defeat China had to make

concessions– China realized need to westernize– New Reforms:–women allowed to attend school– taught science and math–expanded economy

– nationalism spread

Who was Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)?◦ Chinese nationalist who studied

in West◦ made Revolutionary Alliance◦ Goal: rebuild China on

“Three Principles of the People” Nationalism Democracy Livelihood – economic security

◦ Chinese Revolution 1910-1911◦ 1911 became president of new

Chinese Republic

Sun Yat-sen