chapter 12
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Chapter 12. Section I The Great War Begins. Europe on the Brink of War. Tension on the rise due to 4 reasons Militarism Alliances I mperialism N ationalism. Europe on the Brink War. Militarism European countries throughout the 19 th century began building massive armies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12
Section IThe Great War Begins
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Europe on the Brink of War
• Tension on the rise due to 4 reasons– Militarism– Alliances– Imperialism– Nationalism
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Europe on the Brink War
• Militarism– European countries throughout the 19th century
began building massive armies– Caused by the desire to protect overseas colonies
from other countries– Germany was the leading nation in army growth
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Europe on the Brink of War
• Alliances– Formed with other nations to protect one another in
the event war breaks out– Triple Alliance: United Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Italy– Triple Entente: formed by Russia and France
• Fearful of Germany's growing power• Great Britain also joined the alliance
• Belief is with alliances formed, no country would attack another
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Europe on the Brink of War
• Imperialism– Quest to build an empire during the 19th century
created rivalries– Great Britain, France, Germany and Russia all
viewed themselves as great imperial nations
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Europe on the Brink of War
• Nationalism– Strong devotion to one’s
national group or culture• Led to the creation of
new countries like Germany and Italy
– Power struggle over the Balkan Peninsula
• Peninsula ruled by the Ottoman Empire for 100’s of years
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Europe on the Brink of the War
• Balkan Peninsula– Very diverse in ethnicity
• Serbia– Independent nation– Wanted to expand boarded to include more of the
Serbian ethnicity within its boundaries• Majority of Serbs lived outside the boarders
• Austria-Hungary was to the North and very powerful– Fearful of the Serbian expansion because other
ethnicities would want to follow and revolt
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War Breaks Out
• The Impact– Princip arrested an discovered to be a Serb– Austria-Hungary made a series of humiliating
demands on Serbia then declared war July 28th 1914
– Russia promised Serbia support if Austria-Hungary attacked
– Germany declares war on Russia and Italy because of the Triple Alliance
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War Breaks Out
• Fighting Begins– Germany faced war on 2 fronts
• Russia to the East; France to the West– Germany Schlieffan Plan
• Defeat France quickly then head East to fight Russia• Plan would work because Russia has a massive army and will
take time to organize– Germany attacked Belgium
• Belgium a neutral country• Germany wants to use Belgium as a pawn• This attack provoked Great Britain to declare war on Germany
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War Breaks Out
• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary
• Allied Powers– Great Britain– France– Russia– Serbia
World War I also known as The Great War divided into two powers
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Fighting in 1914
• Early Battles– Battle of the Frontiers• Began August 1914• Germany vs. France and Great Britain• France struggled against Germany• Russia attacked Germany from East
– Battle of Tannerberg• Germany destroyed the Russian Invasion
– Lifted the pressure off France– Russia’s invasion allowed the Allied Powers to regroup
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Fighting in 1914
• Trench Warfare Begins– Battle of the Marine• September 1914• Allied Troops succeeded in driving German forces back• Germany retreated and dug a series of trenches along
the Aisne River• Allied forces also began digging trenches
– Led to a standstill for following months– Deadlock region of North France became known as
the Western Front
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