chapter 10 world war i ■#3 the treaty of versailles & league of nations
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 10 World War I
■ #3 The Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations
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■Essential QuestionEssential Question:–What were the major provisions
of Wilson’s 14 Points & the Treaty of Versailles?
■Warm-Up Question:Warm-Up Question:–What were the purposes of the
WIB & CPI during WWI? –Which group was more affected
by WWI: African-Americans, Women, or Socialists? Explain
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The End of World War I■The world was transformed by WWI:
–22 million soldiers & civilians had died; 20 million were wounded; 10 million became refugees
–Towns & farms along the Western & Eastern Fronts were destroyed
–The war cost an estimated $338 billion & massive funds were needed to rebuild Europe
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22 million dead
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20 million wounded
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WWI Deaths (Not Including Wounded or POW)
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Devastation in Europe Due to WWI
Before the War: Village of Esnes After the War: Village of Esnes
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Devastation in Europe Due to WWI
Before the War: Hotel de la Princerie, Verdun After the War: Hotel de la Princerie, Verdun
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points■President Woodrow Wilson
believed that America ought to take a lead in shaping the peace process
■Near the end of the war, President Wilson developed his peace plan known as the Fourteen Points:–Based on eliminating the reasons for
WWI (militarism, imperialism)–Hoped to avoid all future wars by
creating an international forum to discuss & arbitrate problems
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Group Activity: Examining Wilson’s Fourteen Points
■ In groups, examine Wilson’s Fourteen Points:–Using the chart in your notes, write in your
own words what each section of Wilson’s peace plan means
–Develop an image or symbol that captures the main idea for each section of the plan
–Do not write anything in the column titled “Was this point part of the Treaty of Versailles?” (We will do this a bit later)
–Answer the questions below the chart & be prepared for a quick class discussion
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points
■President Wilson’s Fourteen Points contained three main themes:
■(Points 1-5) Create new rules that would eliminate the causes of WWI–No more secret treaties–Reduction of militaries–Freedom of the seas–International control over
colonies to end imperialism
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points
■(Points 6-13) Divide weak empires like Austria-Hungary & the Ottoman Empire into new nations based on national “self-determinationself-determination”
–New nations should have their borders drawn with consideration to ethnic & national identities
–New nations should be free to choose their own governments
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points■(Point 14) To create a League of
Nations to settle all future international problems by compromise rather than by war
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The Treaty of Versailles, 1919■Wilson traveled to the Paris Peace
Conference in 1919 to help create the Treaty of Versailles:–He hoped his Fourteen Points
would become the framework for the peace treaty
–But, Wilson quickly learned that European leaders did not share his vision for a “peace without victory” & wanted Germany to be punished
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British Prime Minister British Prime Minister David Lloyd George David Lloyd George
Italian Prime Minister Italian Prime Minister Vittorio OrlandoVittorio Orlando
French Premier French Premier George ClemenceauGeorge Clemenceau
U.S. President U.S. President Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
““The Big Four” The Big Four”
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During the peace process, Wilson had to compromise some of his Fourteen Points
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The Treaty of Versailles, 1919■Delegates agreed to create a
League of NationsLeague of Nations that included:–General Assembly of 27 nations
with an Executive Council–Court of International Justice–Agreement that arbitration &
economic sanctions would be used to settle conflicts
–An agreement that member nations would work together to stop future acts of aggression
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The Treaty of Versailles, 1919■Other treaty provisions included:
–Austria-Hungary was split in two, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, & Poland were formed
–Germany had to accept the “war guilt clause,” pay $33 billion in reparations, & lost all colonies
–No mention of free trade; No end to imperialism, no reduction in militaries for any of the Allies
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Europe & Middle East Before & After
World War I
Central Europe was redrawn to reduce the power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Land was taken from Germany & given to Poland; Germany’s border with France was
demilitarized to avoid a future invasion
New nations were created from territory taken from Russia (who left WWI early
after the Bolshevik Revolution)
The Ottoman Empire was divided; Britain & France gained mandates in the
Middle East
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The Treaty of Versailles, 1919■On June 28, 1919, the Treaty of
Versailles was signed by Germany & officially ended WWIBut, many U.S. Senators did not like the treaty because of the League of Nations
But, President Wilson could not sign the treaty because Article I of the Constitution gives the
Senate the power to ratify all treaties
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Closure Activity■Compare Wilson’s Fourteen Points with
the provisions in the Treaty of Versialles. On your chart, write down whether Wilson’s ideas made it into the final treaty
■Read “Hitler’s Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles”–What criticisms does Hitler have? –What does he say needs to be done to
save Germany? –Why do historians say that the Treaty of
Versailles led to WWII?
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Points 1-5:New International Rules?
Points 6-13:Divided Empires, New Nations,
Self-Determination?
Point 14: A League of Nations?
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■Essential QuestionEssential Question:–Why did the USA refuse to
ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations?
■Warm-Up Question:Warm-Up Question:–What were the major themes of
Wilson’s Fourteen Points?–Why don’t you think more of his
Fourteen Points made it into the Treaty of Versailles?
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The Treaty of Versailles, 1919■All the major European powers signed
the Treaty of Versailles & joined the League of Nations
■But, the Senate was divided about what joining the League would mean for the future of the United States
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Debrief: Overview of Roles■ The Senate was divided:
–Strong Internationalists supported U.S. membership in the League of Nations
–Mild Internationalists supported the League but wanted to avoid future wars
–Mild Reservationists rejected the League over fears of being forced into future wars
–Strong Reservationists wanted major changes to the League if the U.S. were to join
–Irreconcilables who opposed the League & wanted to maintain U.S. isolationism
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Read “U.S. Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles”
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The U.S. never joined the League & signed its own peace treaty with Germany in 1921
Members of the League of Nations (in black)
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Conclusions■The impact of the Great War:
–The U.S. began the 20th century as an imperial power & reluctantly entered WWI to protect free trade
–Involvement in WWI led to changes for women & blacks, an economic boom, & the restriction of liberties
–The U.S. played a major role in the peace process, but refusal to join the League weakened the ability of world leaders to stop World War II
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