chapter 10: the flourishing land question #1: in 1815, james madison proposed the need for internal...

Chapter 10: The Flourishing LandChapter 10: The Flourishing Land

Question #1:Question #1: In 1815, James Madison In 1815, James Madison proposed the need for internal proposed the need for internal improvements for nationalism. In 1825, improvements for nationalism. In 1825, John Q. Adams did the same. By the John Q. Adams did the same. By the 1840s/1850s, what are some examples of 1840s/1850s, what are some examples of internal improvement that were based on internal improvement that were based on need rather than the spirit of nationalism?need rather than the spirit of nationalism?


1840s and 1850s – The United States continued to grow!1840s and 1850s – The United States continued to grow!•Despite Sectionalism (Union v. States Rights)Despite Sectionalism (Union v. States Rights)•Despite Financial Ruin (Andrew Jackson v. Monster)Despite Financial Ruin (Andrew Jackson v. Monster)

How was it growing?How was it growing?•TransportationTransportation – Turnpikes and Roads, Canals and Railroads, – Turnpikes and Roads, Canals and Railroads, Steamboats and Locomotives.Steamboats and Locomotives.•CommunicationCommunication – Est. of Post Office and Post Roads, Samuel Morse – Est. of Post Office and Post Roads, Samuel Morse and the invention of the telegraph and Morse Code.and the invention of the telegraph and Morse Code.•Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution – Imported from England, will help develop – Imported from England, will help develop the Transportation Revolutionthe Transportation Revolution•ImmigrationImmigration – America's #1 Import – America's #1 Import•SlaverySlavery – Cotton becomes King – Cotton becomes King


Empire for LibertyEmpire for Liberty - It was becoming more of a necessity to - It was becoming more of a necessity to

come up with new technologies to keep America connected.come up with new technologies to keep America connected. •Use of Turnpike and actual paved roads to travel on.Use of Turnpike and actual paved roads to travel on.•Using canals for industry, trade, and travel. (Steamboats)Using canals for industry, trade, and travel. (Steamboats)

But it was the Railroad Industry and the use of the But it was the Railroad Industry and the use of the locomotive engine that will connect the people and business locomotive engine that will connect the people and business

of the East to the West!of the East to the West! •Built by private companies. (RR – From nowhere, to nowhere)Built by private companies. (RR – From nowhere, to nowhere)•Labor intensive. (Need $$$ for laborers – pay, food, shelter)Labor intensive. (Need $$$ for laborers – pay, food, shelter)•Building from scratch – (Industry built literally from ground up.)Building from scratch – (Industry built literally from ground up.)•Major capital investment by the Federal GovernmentMajor capital investment by the Federal Government


• The Constitution called for the The Constitution called for the “establishment of “establishment of the Post Office and post roads.”the Post Office and post roads.” – Roads, – Roads, Canals, RailroadsCanals, Railroads• Postmaster GeneralPostmaster General: Hired mile carriers and created : Hired mile carriers and created

cheap postage to pay for the post roads and carriers.cheap postage to pay for the post roads and carriers.

• Samuel MorseSamuel Morse – Invents the telegraph and – Invents the telegraph and Morse CodeMorse Code• Used electricity to send messages across wires from Used electricity to send messages across wires from

town to town.town to town. Dot and Dashes!Dot and Dashes!


The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution – 1 – 1stst in Britain. Wanted Monopoly in Britain. Wanted Monopoly on IR. It took a “spy” to bring it to the United States. on IR. It took a “spy” to bring it to the United States. Samuel Samuel SlaterSlater memorized the design of the machinery and opened the 1st memorized the design of the machinery and opened the 1st American textile mill in 1792. American textile mill in 1792.

• The IRThe IR Transportation Revolution b/c steam would power Transportation Revolution b/c steam would power industry and transportation. (Transportation was used to deliver industry and transportation. (Transportation was used to deliver the product made in the factories.)the product made in the factories.)

• Moving from Agrarian to Industry b/c of supply and demand.Moving from Agrarian to Industry b/c of supply and demand.

• To move food to N and E, the W and S relied heavily on To move food to N and E, the W and S relied heavily on products manufactured in N and E.products manufactured in N and E.

• Remember we are a land untapped resources, unlimited land, and Remember we are a land untapped resources, unlimited land, and an industrious and enterprising workforce, made America a an industrious and enterprising workforce, made America a

stronger country.stronger country.


• How did the IR catch on in America so How did the IR catch on in America so quickly, when England and Europe are quickly, when England and Europe are closer to each other?closer to each other?

• Answer:Answer:• The limits of national borders and jealous The limits of national borders and jealous

governments halted the free flow of goods and governments halted the free flow of goods and people in European countries. No here, the people in European countries. No here, the Founding Fathers envisioned the need to let Founding Fathers envisioned the need to let people and goods flow freely from state to state, people and goods flow freely from state to state, and back and forth across the whole country.and back and forth across the whole country.


Industrial Revolution created a new Social InventionIndustrial Revolution created a new Social Invention

““Joint Stock CompanyJoint Stock Company””• Shares of stock were sold to numerous investors who now had Shares of stock were sold to numerous investors who now had

a “share” in the ownership in the company. Either made or a “share” in the ownership in the company. Either made or lost money.lost money.

CorporationCorporation – “JSC” chartered by a state. – “JSC” chartered by a state. • It had a life of its own and would survive in legal It had a life of its own and would survive in legal

theory even if the shareholders died.theory even if the shareholders died. Acted like a person! Acted like a person!

““Limited LiabilityLimited Liability”” • stock holder could not be held liable for company debts.stock holder could not be held liable for company debts.


American IR differs from British IRAmerican IR differs from British IR• ““Waltham” FactoryWaltham” Factory – Francis Cabot Lowell – Francis Cabot Lowell

• Use water instead of steam – less pollutionUse water instead of steam – less pollution

• Use women and children – actually pay them and resolve the Use women and children – actually pay them and resolve the shortage of labor in cities.shortage of labor in cities.

• Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin Inventor and GunsmithEli Whitney – Cotton Gin Inventor and Gunsmith• ““Uniformity System” or “Interchangeable System”Uniformity System” or “Interchangeable System”

• Making precise copies of the same part for each individual Making precise copies of the same part for each individual product, so that in the field that same part could be taken product, so that in the field that same part could be taken from one product and placed in another productfrom one product and placed in another product


• Mass ProductionMass Production – producing masses of items of exactly the – producing masses of items of exactly the same kind. same kind.

• Cheaper Cheaper • Affordable Affordable • Creates opportunityCreates opportunity

• More demand required the need to provide more expensive More demand required the need to provide more expensive and more advanced supply.and more advanced supply.

• Each worker’s time was important, because he could produce Each worker’s time was important, because he could produce more of any product in a single day.more of any product in a single day.

• Employer could pay employee more money and still make a Employer could pay employee more money and still make a profit. profit.

New American Standard of Living – The World is JealousNew American Standard of Living – The World is Jealous


• America’s Leading Import – PeopleAmerica’s Leading Import – People• ImmigrateImmigrate – To come a country of which one is not a native, – To come a country of which one is not a native,

usually for permanent residence.usually for permanent residence.

• People from around the world came to America to occupy the People from around the world came to America to occupy the land, Build roads, canals, railroads, and to fill the factories.land, Build roads, canals, railroads, and to fill the factories.

• Were here to work, because that was the only lifestyle they Were here to work, because that was the only lifestyle they knew. This is a benefit for those intuitive Americans building knew. This is a benefit for those intuitive Americans building on the Industrial Revolution.on the Industrial Revolution.

• Why did they leave? Why did they leave? • Overcrowding, No food, No education (learn a job skill), Too Overcrowding, No food, No education (learn a job skill), Too

much War (death), and Bad Weathermuch War (death), and Bad Weather• America offered open air, cheap land and Hope.America offered open air, cheap land and Hope.


• The The Great MigrationGreat Migration included the Irish, Germans, included the Irish, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Belgians, French, and Italians.Scandinavians, Dutch, Belgians, French, and Italians.

• Just like “steam”, immigrants will power the Industrial Just like “steam”, immigrants will power the Industrial Revolution, and boom in communication and Revolution, and boom in communication and transportation.transportation.• They are the ones that dug the ditches for canals, cleared the They are the ones that dug the ditches for canals, cleared the

forests for road and rail roads, and manned the production forests for road and rail roads, and manned the production lines of industry.lines of industry.

• They also brought with them their own innovations to make They also brought with them their own innovations to make America stronger.America stronger.


• Southerners feared Internal ImprovementsSoutherners feared Internal Improvements• When the Fed Gov’t started funding federal projects:When the Fed Gov’t started funding federal projects:

• Fed Gov’t would start interfering w/ slavery.Fed Gov’t would start interfering w/ slavery.

• AbolitionistsAbolitionists (wanted to abolish slavery from America) (wanted to abolish slavery from America) – Educating the North about slavery– Educating the North about slavery

• Southerners would defend their Southerners would defend their way of life – Slaveryway of life – Slavery• ““Necessary Evil” Necessary Evil” “Slavery is not evil, it is a national “Slavery is not evil, it is a national

benefit.”benefit.”

• Slave owners – “protect the weak from those trying to oppress Slave owners – “protect the weak from those trying to oppress them.them.


• Slaves were forced to come to America.Slaves were forced to come to America.• Most immigrants came to America on their own free will – Most immigrants came to America on their own free will –

Great MigrationGreat Migration

• Middle PassageMiddle Passage – – Slaves were caught, put in chains and Slaves were caught, put in chains and placed on cargo ships and send to Americaplaced on cargo ships and send to America• A horrendous voyage where Africans were packed tightly A horrendous voyage where Africans were packed tightly

together and chained below the decks of cargo ships. together and chained below the decks of cargo ships.

• If they survived the voyage, they were sold at auction in the If they survived the voyage, they were sold at auction in the Americas, Brazil, United States, or the West Indies.Americas, Brazil, United States, or the West Indies.

• The Slave Trade was legally abolished in 1807.The Slave Trade was legally abolished in 1807.• Slaves were smuggled to AmericaSlaves were smuggled to America

• Domestic slave trade will flourish until the Civil War. Domestic slave trade will flourish until the Civil War.


• Why did the South still feel that it was necessary to Why did the South still feel that it was necessary to continue to bring more Africans into America to fuel continue to bring more Africans into America to fuel their Economy?their Economy?

1.1. Open Land – Opportunity out west to expand the Southern Open Land – Opportunity out west to expand the Southern Economy, before Industry beat them too itEconomy, before Industry beat them too it

2.2. Slavery tied to Southern way of life.Slavery tied to Southern way of life.3.3. ““King” of all Crops – CottonKing” of all Crops – Cotton

• Cotton being used in most textile mills, i.e. clothing. The Cotton being used in most textile mills, i.e. clothing. The British were “nuts’ for Cotton (Europe was too.)British were “nuts’ for Cotton (Europe was too.)

• British demand for Cotton would keep slavery alive and British demand for Cotton would keep slavery alive and keep Cotton “King.” keep Cotton “King.”

• Affect of Slavery on the South – Slavery blocked the economic Affect of Slavery on the South – Slavery blocked the economic development in the South & helped divide the South from the development in the South & helped divide the South from the Nation.Nation.

chapter 10: the flourishing land question #1: in 1815, james madison proposed the need for internal...

Documents

post roads

post office

morse code samuel morse

flourishing land slide

actual paved roads

king slide

federal government slide

flourishing land empire