Chapter 10Study Guide Review

The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called

HEAT

No more energy can be removed from matter at

Absolute Zero

The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed into another, no _________ is destroyed in the process.

ENERGY

The total energy of all the particles in a substance is called

Thermal Energy

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object is called

Temperature

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called

Radiation

Heat transfer occurs from __________ objects to _________________ objects

Warm objects to colder objects

A solid, such as bismuth, has a _________________ shape and a __________________volume.

definite shape and definite volume

In a system, when energy is transformed from one form to another, the total __________ is conserved.

Energy

Heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects in a process called

Conduction

In a flashlight, _________ energy in the batteries is transformed into electrical energy.

Chemical

The potential energy stored in an atom’s nucleus is called __________ energy.

Nuclear

A one-degree change in temperature on the Celsius temperature scale is equal to a one-unit temperature change on the ____________________ temperature scale.

Kelvin

The handle of a spoon in a bowl of hot soup becomes warm due to heat transfer by the process of

Conduction

When you rub a piece of sandpaper against a wooden board, ___________ causes some of the kinetic energy to be transformed into thermal energy.

Friction

True or False

A student lists three temperature measurements: 100°F, 100°C, and 100 K. Of the three measurements, 100 K is the highest temperature.

False . . .100° C

True or False

If heat is removed from a system, the temperatures of substances in thesystem increase.

False . . . . Decrease

True or False

Chemical energy is potential energy stored in bonds between atoms.

True

True or False

The more particles a substance has at a given temperature, the more thermal energy it has.

True

True or False If heat is transferred from Object A to Object B, the temperature of Object Bdecreases.

False . . . Increases

Beaker C has the most thermal energy because it has the highest temperature and as much water as any other beaker.

Short AnswerSuppose you leave a glass of ice-cold soda on a table in a warm room. In what direction(s) will heat be transferred in this system? When does the heat transfer stop?

•Heat will be transferred from the warm air to the cold soda.

•Heat transfer stops when the air and soda all have the same

temperature.

Short Answer Identify three temperature scales that people use.

The three temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and

Kelvin.

Short Answer Describe the energy transfer that takes place in a battery powered flashlight.

The chemical energy in the battery is transformed into electrical energy that flows through the

wires and finally transforms into electrical and heat energy in the

light bulb.

Short Answer Describe the energy transformations in each picture .

A music player changes chemical energy (battery) into electrical energy and then into

sound energy

Short Answer Describe the energy transformations in each picture .

A hot plate changes electrical energy into thermal energy. Some electrical energy also

changes into EM energy (light)

Short Answer Describe the energy transformations in each picture .

Solar panels change EM energy from the sun into

electrical energy

Short Answer Describe the energy transformations in each picture .

A fan changes electrical energy into mechanical

energy.