chapter 10 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 10
THE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
![Page 2: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gestation• The time required for the development of a fetus is called gestation.
• The time period averages about 40 weeks although duration does vary• Early Term: A gestation period between 37 weeks, 0 days and 38 weeks, 6 days
• Full Term: A gestation period between 39 weeks, 0 days and 40 weeks, 6 days
• Late Term: A gestation period between 41 weeks, 0 days and 41 weeks, 6 days
• Post Term: A gestation period after 42 weeks, 0 days
• The chance of health risks to the mother and fetus increases the further away from a full term gestation period
Health risks of premature/early
term
• Delayed mental/physical
development
• Breathing/ respiratory problems
• Hearing loss
• Feeding and digestive problems
• Death
Health risks of late term/post term
• Increased cesarean or forceps
assisted birth
• Longer labor and increased
stress on mother
• Improper nourishment from
extra calcium and protein in
placenta
![Page 3: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stages During Gestation
Gestation is also divided into 3
trimesters
• 1st trimester- Last period through the
13th week
• 2nd trimester- Week 14 through
week 27
• 3rd trimester- Week 28 through week
40
![Page 4: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The UterusThe organ in which the developing fetus resides is called the uterus.
Located in the pelvic cavity between the bladder and the colon
Divided into three sections:Fundus: The upper portion of
the uterus, opposite the
opening to the vagina
Corpus: The central portion of
the uterus and the largest
region
Cervix: The lowest portion of
the uterus that opens to the
vagina
Made up of 3 layersPerimetrium: Outermost
layer, attached to ligaments that hold
the uterus in place
Myometrium: Middle layer, made of
very thick smooth muscle, contracts
during labor to expel the fetus
Endometrium: Inner layer, contains a
rich blood supply in order to support a
growing fetus; gets expelled during
menstruation if there is no fetus
![Page 5: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Uterine Sizes
• The average uterus is about the size of an orange without
a fetus.
• At full term pregnancy, the uterus has stretched to about
the size of a watermelon
• Within 1-2 days postpartum, the uterus shrinks down to
the size it was at 18 weeks prenatal
• At 1 week postpartum, it has shrunk to it’s 12 week
prenatal size
• At 6 weeks postpartum, the uterus has returned to it’s
normal size.
![Page 6: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MenopauseThe cessation of menstruation is called menopause.
• This is commonly defined as the time when a woman ceases having her
period and the condition of her uterus.
• The exact date of menopause is considered to be when a woman finishes
the flow of her last menstrual cycle
• Menopause is a gradual occurrence, it does not happen over night
• Menopause usually occurs in a woman’s late 40’s or early 50’s, although
the average age in the US is 51
• Post menopause, a woman’s ovaries are no longer active and she is
infertile, however she can still be sexually active.
![Page 7: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Menopausal Hormone Changes
• During menopause, hormone levels fluctuate. Some of
the hormones and their functions are:• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinising Hormone- Act in tandem to control
the production of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. High levels of FSH identify
if a woman is postmenopausal
• Estradiol- Strongest of the estrogens in a woman’s body and acts as a growth hormone
for tissue development, especially the lining of the uterus during menstruation. Created
primarily in the ovaries.
• Progesterone- Plays a large role in pregnancy and fertilization of ovum. Allows the
sperm to find the egg to begin fertilization process. Created primarily in the ovaries.
• Testosterone- Influence sexual arousal in women and testosterone patches are often
used in postmenopausal women to help with low libido. Created primarily in the ovaries
during menstruation.
![Page 8: Chapter 10 presentation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071814/55a774ea1a28abac298b491c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Menopausal signs and symptoms
• Due to the changes in hormones, women will potentially
experience the following perimenopausal symptoms:
• Mood swings
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Hot flashes
• Palpitations
• Decreased skin elasticity
• Increased risk of
osteoporosis
• Vaginal itching and
dryness
• Difficulty reaching
orgasm
• Increasingly erratic
menstrual cycles