CHAPTER 10 MEXICO

SECTION 1 PAGE 220-225

I. MEXICO—TOTAL PHYSICAL LANDFORMS

• A) MOUNTAINS DOMINATE THE CENTRAL REGION OF MEXICO•• 1) SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL—LOCATED IN THE WEST

• 2) SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL –LOCATED IN THE EAST.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIyEvomUz14

• B) BETWEEN THESE TWO RANGES SITS A FLAT LAND CALLED THE PLATEAU OF MEXICO

• C) THE PENINSULA OF MEXICO LOCATED SOUTH OF CALIFORNIA.

• 1) BAJA CALIFORNIA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR• 2) CITY OF TIJUANA LOCATED HERE.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdrIqa91lkg

II. REGIONS OF MEXICO• A) HEARTLAND REGION—THE CENTRAL PLATEAU• 1) 80% OF POPULATION LIVES HERE• 2) SOUTHERN SECTION OF THIS AREA HAVE BEST

FARMLAND• 3) NATURAL HAZARDS OF THIS REGION INCLUDE:• a) Earthquakes—(1985 Earthquake killed 10,000 in Mexico City)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNWCYG2MnC8 • 4) CLIMATE OF THIS REGION• a) ARID in the north• b) SOUTH has plenty of rainfall and milder climate

• 5) CITIES OF THE REGION --MEXICO CITY(CAPITAL OF MEXICO)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcvdDnfXS2o • a.) IMMIGRANTS LOOKING FOR BETTER LIFE HAVE MOVED

HERE CAUSED LARGE SLUM AREA IN MEXICO CITY

B) COASTAL REGIONS

• **NORTHERN PACIFIC COAST• 1) DRY, HOT AND NOT MANY

PEOPLE

• 2) GOOD FARMLAND BECAUSE OF IRRIGATION (DAMS ON

RIVERS)

• 3) BIGGEST CITY IS TIJUANA

**SOUTHERN PACIFIC COAST

• 1) LITTLE FARMING BECAUSE OF MOUNTAINS

• 2) MAJOR RESORT CITIES OF ACAPULCO, PUERTO VALLARTA, AND MAZATLAN (TOURISM) SUPPORTS ECONOMY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QyLjwMcHB0

**GULF COASTAL PLAIN (GULF OF MEXICO)

• 1) HIGE DEPOSITS OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS

• 2) CREATES WEALTH FOR MEXICO

**YUCATAN PENINSULA• 1) GENERALLY A FLAT AREA• 2) SOILS COVERS A LIMESTONE BEDROCK• (CAUSES EARTH TO DEVELOP

SINKHOLES WHEN LIMESTONE DISSOLVES

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA1H5bqayaY • 3) LARGEST CITY IS MERIDA, (500,000)• 4) RELY HEAVILY UPON TOURISM FOR THEIR

ECONOMY.

CHAPTER 10 MEXICOSECTION 2 PAGE 227-231

• I. HISTORY OF MEXICO• A) AZTEC EMPIRE OF THE 1400’S• 1) LOCATED IN SOUTH CENTRAL

MEXICO• 2) TENOCHTITLAN WAS IT’S

CAPITAL (WORLD’S LARGEST CITY?)• 3) OVER 60,000 AZTECS IN THIS

CITY TRADING.

B) SPANISH CONQUEST 1519-1521

• 1) SPANISH SOLDIER (CONQUISTADOR) HERNAN CORTES

• CONQUERS AZTEC EMPIRE

• 2) CLAIMS TERRITORY FOR SPAIN—CALLED IT NEW SPAIN

C) NEW SPAIN—MADE UP OF FOUR SOCIAL GROUPS

• 1) PENINSULARES—PEOPLE BORN IN SPAIN, WEALTHY LEADERS

• 2) CRILLOS—PEOPLE OF SPANISH ANCESTORS BORN IN MEXICO OR THE AMERICAS

• 3) MESTIZOS—PEOPLE OF MIXED RACES (SPANISH AND NATIVE PEOPLE)

• 4) NATIVES—RANKED LOWEST, SOMETIMES ENSLAVEDWORKED ON SPANISH ESTATES OF LAND CALLED HACIENDAS

• ***ECOMIENDA==A SYSTEM WHERE LANDOWNERS CONTROLLED SLAVES

II) ROAD TO DEMOCRACY

• A) THE HIDALGO REVOLUTION• 1) CRILLOS DID NOT LIKE

PENINSULARES • 2) CRILLO PRIEST MIGUEL HIDALGO

STARTS A REVOLUTION• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv3MaXk9yeM • a) Mexico becomes independent

from Spain by 1821

• 3) FOREIGN INVESTORS IN MEXICO HELPED COUNTRY GROW, BUT ONLY A FEW GOT ANY WEALTH

B) MEXICAN REVOLUTION OF 1900’S

• 1) 1910-1920—PEASANTS REBELLED AGAINST MILITARY RULERS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HqTFvCtVgI

• 2) DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT CREATED • 3) GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED BY 2 POLITICAL

PARTIES• a) Institutional Revolutionary Party (IRP) 1920-

2000• b) National Action Party (PAN) 2000-2009• 1) President Vicente Fox (2000-2006)• 2) Felipe Calderon (2006)

III SOCIAL CONDITIONS TODAY

• A) TRY TO PRESERVE HERITAGE

• 1) SPANISH AS OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

• 2) FREEDOM OF RELIGION-(MOST ARE ROMAN CATHOLIC)

B) BREAKING UP THE 8000 HACIENDAS—LAND

REDISTRIBUTION• 1) BROKEN INTO EJIDOS__FARMLAND

OWNED BY A COMMUNITY• a) Practice Subsistent Farming—growing

enough to survive.

• 2) 1/3 OF ALL FARMS ARE COMPANY OR COMMERCIAL FARMS CALLED LATIFUNDIAS.

C) MANY PEOPLE ARE UNABLE TO MAKE THEIR

FARMS WORK• 1) BECOME MIGRANT WORKERS —PEOPLE

WHO TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO PLACE TO HELP HARVEST CROPS FOR A WAGE.

• a) Many cross legally and Illegally into the U.S.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fM6OyXHp3gk

D) URBAN / CITY LIFE• 1) 3/4 OF MEXICO’S POPULATION LIVE IN

CITIES ** MEXICO CITY THE LARGEST• a. Better Job Opportunities• b. More Educational Opportunities• c. More Excitement• 2) SOCIAL CLASSES OF MEXICO’S CITIES.• a) Upper Class—Wealthy, Educated, • b) Middle Class—Gov’t. workers, Business

Owners, Professionals• c) Lower Class—Largest class, uneducated

farm workers.

IV. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

• A. NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA)

• 1) Eliminates all trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

• 2) Decreases unemployment, increases industry

B. MAJOR INDUSTRIES OF MEXICO

• 1) OIL INDUSTRY• a) Controlled by PEMEX—Gov’t owned oil

company• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=inXpyaPvdu0&feature=related • b) Huge Reserves off coast of TAMPICO.

2) TOURISM.

• a) Resort cities of ACAPULCO and CANCUN

• b) SMOKELESS industry—causes no pollution

3) MAQUILADORAS-Border Industries between U.S. &

Mexico• a) Build products sold mostly in the U.S.• b) Increased Employment and wages for

people along the border.• c) Caused an increase in Pollution.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA9BLyplhJw

THE GROWING MEXICAN DRUG INDUSTRY

• MEXICO HAS BEEN A GROWING SOURCE OF DRUG “CARTELS”.

• THESE ORGANIZATIONS ARE MOVING DRUGS INTO THE U.S. AND AROUND THE WORLD.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyDHNeJxazU

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EFsFAoAEMw