Chapter 10 Database Management

Data and Information

How are data and information related?

p. 10.02 Fig. 10-1 Next

processing

data stored on diskStep 1. The member data, including a photograph, is entered and stored on the hard disk.

Step 2. The computer extracts the member data from disk.

Step 3. The receipt is created and printed.

Data is raw facts Information is data that is organized

and meaningful

receipt

Computers process data into information

Add, change,

and delete data

Add, change,

and delete data

CreatedatabaseCreate

database

Sort and

retrieve data

Sort and

retrieve data

Createforms and

reports

Createforms and

reports

Data and Information

What is a database?

p. 10.03 Next

Database software allows you to

Database software allows you to

Collection of data organized so

you can access, retrieve, and

use it

Collection of data organized so

you can access, retrieve, and

use it

Database software also called database management system

(DBMS)

Database software also called database management system

(DBMS)

Click to view animation

The Hierarchy of Data

What is a hierarchy?

p. 10.05 Fig. 10-2 Next

Database contains files, file contains records, record contains fields, field contains characters

The Hierarchy of Data

What is a field?

p. 10.05 Fig. 10-3 Next

Combination of one or more characters

Smallest unit of data user accesses Field size defines the maximum

number of characters a field can contain

Field name uniquely identifies each field

Data type specifies kind of data field contains

The Hierarchy of Data

What is a record?

p. 10.06 Next

Group of related fields

Key field, or primary key, uniquely identifies each record

The Hierarchy of Data

What is a data file?

p. 10.07 Next

Collection of related records stored on disk

key field

records fields

22 Fifth Avenue

P.O. Box 45

15 Duluth Street

33099 Clark Street

1029 Wolf Avenue

Address

Auburn

Clanton

Prattville

Montgomery

Montgomery

City

ALWeinbergJonah3928

ALMarcus4872

ALValesquezAdrian3376

ALMurrayShannon2928

ALVandenbergDonna2295

StateLast NameFirst NameMember ID

Green

File Processing Versus DatabasesWhat are the strengths of the database approach?

p. 10.13 Next

Reduced data

redundancy

Reduced data

redundancy Improved data

integrity

Improved data

integrityShared

dataShared

dataEasier accessEasier access

Reduced development

time

Reduced development

time

File Processing Versus DatabasesHow do a database application and a file processing application differ in the way they store data?

p. 10.13 Fig. 10-10 Next

File Processing Example

Database Example

Database Management Systems

What is a query?

p. 10.16 Fig. 10-13 Next

Request for specific data from a database

Query language consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify data to display, print, or store

Step 1. Select the fields you want to display in the resulting query.

Step 2. Assign a name to the query, so you can open it later.

Step 3. View query on the screen.

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a data model?

p. 10.20 Fig. 10-18 Next

Rules and standards that define how database organizes data

Defines how users view organization of data

Three popular data models Relational Object-oriented Multidimensional

DATA MODELS FOR POPULAR DBMSs

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a relational database?

p. 10.20 Fig. 10-19 Next

Click to view Web Link,then click Relational Databases below Chapter 10

Stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns Each row has primary key Each column has unique name

Stores data relationships Uses specialized terminology

DATA TERMINOLOGY

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a relationship?

p. 10.21 Fig. 10-20 Next

Connection within data

Click to view animation

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is Structured Query Language (SQL)?

p. 10.22 Fig. 10-21 Next

Click to view Web Link,then click SQL below Chapter 10

Allows you to manage, update, and retrieve data Has special keywords and rules included in SQL

statementsSQL statement

SQL statement results

Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

What is a data warehouse?

p. 10.24 Next

Click to view Web Link,then click Data Warehouses below Chapter 10

Data mart is smaller version of data warehouse

Uses multidimensional databases

Often uses a process called data mining to find patterns and relationships among data

Huge database system that stores and manages data required to analyze historical and current transactions

Quick and efficient way to access large amounts of data

Web Databases

What is a Web database?

p. 10.24 Fig. 10-23 Next

Database you access through the Web by filling in a form on a Web page

Usually resides on a database server, a computer that stores and provides access to a database

Click to view video

Web Databases

How might a search engine interact with a Web database?

p. 10.25 Fig. 10-24 Next

Step 1. Browser sends search text to Web server.

Step 2. Web server sends search text through a CGI script to database. Database retrieves list of hits that contains search text and sends it through CGI script back to Web server.

Step 3. Web server sends list of hits to browser.

Click to view video