Chapter 10BloodMs. Harborth

Anatomy and Physiology II

Composition

• 5-6 Liters• Formed Elements• Erythrocytes

(RBCs) 45% - hematocrit

• Leukocytes (WBCs)< 1%

• Platelets < 1%

• Plasma 55%

Plasma

• 90% water• 10% dissolved substances • Plasma proteins• Most are made by the liver• Albumin• Clotting proteins

• Nutrients, metal ions (salts), O2, CO2, hormones, wastes, etc…

Erythrocytes

• Anucleate• Hemoglobin (makes blood red)• Lack mitochondria• Shaped like doughnuts• 5 million cells/ mm3 of blood

Anemia

• Decrease in O2-carrying ability of blood

• Could be lower # of RBCs OR abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content

• IRON• Sickle-Cell Anemia• RBCs are shaped like a sickle• Genetic. Usually found in

descendants from Africa• Malaria-resistance

(heterozygous)

Sickle Cell Gene Therapy

Leukocytes

• White Blood Cells• 4-11 thousand/mm3 of blood (leukocytosis)• Diapedesis – WBCs go in and out of blood vessels• Granulocytes – granule-containing WBCs• Neutrophils – phagocytes acute infection• Eosinophils – allergies • Basophils – histamine containing. Attract other WBCs

• Agranulocytes• Lymphocytes – in lymphatic tissue. Immune response• Monocytes – macrophages

Leukemia

• Blood marrow cancer• WBCs are made rapidly and are immature• Body becomes susceptible to infection

Leukemia Video

CML

Platelets

• Fragments of megakaryocytes• 300,000/mm3

• Blood clotting

Hematopoesis

• Hemocytoblast• RBC formation

regulated by erythropoietin

• CSFs and interleukins regulate WBCs

Hemostasis

• 1. Platelet plug forms • 2. Vascular spasms occur• 3. Coagulation events occur (thrombin + fibrinogen =

fibrin)• Usually takes 3-6 minutes

Fibrin Clots

Bleeding Disorders

• Thrombus – blood clot• Embolus – thrombus that breaks away from wall and

travels throughout body• Thrombocytopenia• Liver function impaired; Vit K

• Hemophilia• Inherited disorders

Blood Groups