Chapter 10Bleeding

Blood-average blood volume in an adult is 10-12 pints.

• Only 2.5 percent of people in NJ donate blood. We need more blood. Delicious snacks will be provided.

3 functions of blood

• 1. transports oxygen, nutrients and wastes

• 2. protects against disease by producing antibodies and defends against pathogens.

• 3. maintain body temperature

Components of Blood• Liquid part of blood-

plasma. Makes up half of total blood volume.

• Function of plasma-nutrients for energy, growth and cell maintenance, carries wastes and transports other blood components.

Solid components of blood

• Red blood cells-produced in marrow of bones.

• Function-transport oxygen from lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

White blood cells

• Function-disease fighting part of the immune system.

• Aid in producing antibodies that help body fight infection.

Platelets

• Disk-shaped fragments that are made up of cell fragments.

• Function-main component for clotting because they bind together.

3 Major types of blood vessels

• Arteries• Carotid• Brachial• Radial• Femoral• Dorsalis pedis

• Veins

• Capillaries

Link arteries and veins-Teeny tiny!

Function-transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood into the cells.

Pick up waste products from cells and move them to veins.

Capillaries

Arteries

• Carry blood away from heart

• Travels faster and under pressure-”pumps”

• Bright red blood.

Veins

• Carry blood to heart

• Carry waste products from the cells

• Bleeding flows steadily without spurting, easier to control.

• Dark red or maroon in color

Capillaries

• Most common type of bleeding

• Easy to control

• Oozes from the wound

• Paler red in color than arterial bleeding

External bleeding• Occurs when a blood vessel is opened by

tearing the skin.

• Treatment-check scene and victim, ask permission, call 911(if needed), put on gloves, apply direct pressure with a sterile bandage, elevate extremity, compress main artery if necessary. Apply extra bandages ON TOP OF EXISTING BANDAGE.

Internal bleeding• Escape of blood from veins, arteries or

capillaries.• Signs and Symptoms-swelling, rigidity,

anxiety, weak and rapid pulse, rapid breathing or shortness of breath, skin that is cool, pale, bluish or ashen.

• Bruising by the injured area.• Nausea/vomiting• Abdominal pain• Excessive thirst

Care for internal bleeding

• If severe-call 911 keep comfortable

• Monitor breathing

• Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated.

• Reassure victim

• Try to reduce swelling with ice

Warning•Graphic soft tissue injuries pictures

•BE AWARE!!!

Avulsion

•Skin partially torn away from the body.

Amputation

•Body part completely severed from body

Treatment*Wrap body part in a

dressing

• Put body part in plastic bag and put on ice.

• Transport victim and body part to hospital.

Occlusive bandage• a dressing that

prevents air from reaching a wound and that retains moisture, heat, body fluids. It may consist of a sheet of thin plastic affixed with transparent tape.

After applying a bandage• Keep checking below the

bandage site to make sure your bandage did not restrict circulation.

• Check for FEELING, WARMTH AND COLOR.

• Elastic bandages can restrict blood flow if not put on properly

Tourniquet-band used to stop the blood flow.

• SHOULD ONLY BE USED AS A LAST RESORT TO SAVE SOMEONE FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH.

• Apply tourniquet above the wound.

• Twist until bleeding stops