Chapter 10: A Changing Nation

How did the nation reflect a growing sense of

national pride and identity?

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John_Neagle_Henry_Clay.jpg and http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/jan-webster.htm

http://www.visitingdc.com/images/andrew-jackson-picture.jpg

John C Calhoun Henry ClayDaniel WebsterAndrew Jackson

Section 1:

Building A National Identity

How was the power of the federal government

strengthened during the Era of Good Feelings?

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James McCullochJohn Marshall James Monroe

Dartmouth College

vs

Woodward

“Era of Good Feelings”

• James Monroe- Republican wins election

1816

• Monroe wanted to promote NATIONAL

UNITY (NATIONALISM)

• Everyone was feeling united so they

called it the “Era of Good Feelings”

Building the National Economy

• After 1815 many felt the national govt.

should take some action to increase

economic prosperity for the whole country

• Sectionalism begins

• Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C.

Calhoun become outspoken for their regions

New Leaders

Daniel Webster

• Northeast

•MA

•At first opposes

high tariffs but

later supports

them

John C Calhoun

• SC

•South

•Opposes high tariffs

• State’s Rights

Henry Clay

• Kentucky

• West

• Country

needs better

roads, canals

Second Bank of the United States

• First Bank 1791

• Bank did not exist after 1811- Charter ran out

• Without the bank the economy suffered

because too many loans were made and they

issued too much money

• 2nd bank established in 1816

• New bank privately owned, charter for 20

years

Tariff of 1816

• After War of 1812 US had to handle foreign

competition

• Britain began the concept of Dumping

• Because of this it hurt the New England

States and the northern Manufacturers

• The North demanded the govt. place a

protective tariff in place

Sectionalism

• Tariffs are popular in the NORTH

• SOUTH resents the tariffs

• John C Calhoun speaks out ferociously

against tariffs

Clay’s American System

• Clay believed he had a plan to help each area of the country

• Proposed high tariffs and federal program of public works

• He believed the tariffs would provide funds to build better roads, bridges and canals as well as help the north and south

• Never fully became a govt. policy

• Madison and Monroe refused to support the plan

Three Important Court Cases

• McCulloch VS Maryland

About Protecting Federal Agencies

• Dartmouth College VS Woodward

About Protecting private contracts

• Gibbons VS Ogden

Deals with Interstate Commerce

McCulloch VS Maryland

• 9. A. States could not interfere with federal institutions or violate federal laws.

•

• B. They both strengthened the power of the federal govt. by ruling that states had no power to interfere with federal institutions.

Dartmouth College VS Woodward

• The ruling of the Supreme Court in

Dartmouth College v Woodward

supported economic growth by protecting

private contracts, the Court protected

private businesses.

Gibbons VS Ogden

• Interstate Commerce: Trade between 2

or more states

• NYS could not give a steamboat company

a monopoly to carry passengers on the

Hudson River

Section 2:

Dealing With Other Nations

How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect new

national confidence?

James MonroeMiguel Hidalgo

Pictures from: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/miguel-hidalgo.jpg and

http://www.blognapoli.net/immagini/Simon_Bolivar.jpg

Simon Bolivar

“The Liberator”

John Quincy

Adams

Relations With Spain

• After the War of 1812 Spain controlled more

territory in the Americas than any other European

power

• Spain’s power was weakening because they held

too many territories

• Spain’s power was extremely weak in FL

• Spain could not stop enslaved African Americans

from escaping to Fl and living among the Seminole

N-A’s

Relations With Spain

• Andrew Jackson is sent to recapture

enslaved A-A’s in 1817

• Jackson went way above what he was

ordered to do and attacked Seminole Indian

villages

• Jackson seized 2 Spanish towns and forced

the governor to flee

Question # 14

• Spain realized it could not protect

Florida, so it sold the territory to the

U.S.. The treaty was called the Adams-

Onis Treaty of 1819.

Adams-Onis Treaty

• Spain realized they could not protect FL

• John Quincy Adams goes to negotiate a

treaty- the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

• Spain was to cede (give up) FL

• The U.S would pay $5 Million Dollars for it

Spanish Colonies Win Independence

• 1810 many of the Spanish controlled areas

were rebelling against the Spanish control

• Revolutionary movements grow in Mexico,

Central and South America

Mexico Breaks Away

• 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo organizes an

army of Native Americans

• This helped free several N-A Provinces

• 1811 he is captured and executed

Question #16:

• Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led

Mexico’s struggle for independence from

Spain. Though he was defeated Spain

eventually recognized that it could not

maintain its rule over Mexico.

Mexico Breaks Away

• 1820 revolution breaks out

• 1821 Spain agrees to Mexico’s independence

• At first Mexico is ruled by an Emperor

• 1823 the Emperor is over thrown and Mexico makes a constitution

• Mexico becomes a Federal Republic of 9 states and 4 territories

South and Central America

• Simon Bolivar “The Liberator”

• He was called The Liberator for his leading role in independence movements in the Northern section of SA

• 1819 led an army from Venezuela over the Andes Mts. Into Colombia and defeated the Spanish

• Bolivar became president of the Independent Republic of Great Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama

Independence for Central and

South America Cont.

• Central America declared Independence in

1821

• 1823 they formed the United Provinces of

Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El

Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala

• 1822 Brazil declared its independence from

Portugal

The Monroe Doctrine

• Several European powers soon tried to plan to attack these newly developed countries in South and Central America

• President James Monroe and John Quincy Adams were worried these European powers would come in and take over.

• Britain and the U. S. wanted to protect trade with these newly developed countries

Monroe Doctrine

• Britain suggested making a joint statement

• Adams told Monroe we should make our own statement

• December 1823 Monroe reads in Congress what became

know as the Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. would not allow European nations to create American

colonies or interfere with the free nations of Latin America

• The U.S would not interfere in European affairs

• Monroe was saying “hands off” of the Western Hemisphere

• You stay in your hemisphere we will stay in ours

• The U.S was not strong enough to back Monroe’s statement

Question # 18:

• Adams said that cooperation between the

2 countries would make the U.S. see to be

Britain’s junior partner.

Question #20:

Cuba, Puerto Rico, British Honduras, British

Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana

Question #21:

• President Monroe’s statement that the U.S.

would not allow European nations to

interfere with the independent nations in

Latin America.

Question #22:

Britain granted some self-government to Canada in

order to stop rebellion and maintain Canada as a

colony

Section 3:

The Age of Jackson

How did the people gain more power

during the Age of Jackson?

Andrew Jackson

“Old Hickory”John Quincy Adams

Adams and Jackson in Conflict

• “The Age of Jackson” (1829-1837)

• Jackson grew up poor near the border of

North and South Carolina

• Jackson was brave, tough earned nickname

of “Old Hickory”

• Jackson believed ordinary people should be

involved in government

The Election of 1824

William H. Crawford

Pictures from: http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson_images/lesson551/WH_Crawford.jpg ,

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Henry_Clay.JPG ,

Henry Clay John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

“The Corrupt Bargain”

• Jackson received the most electoral votes but not a majority

• House of Representatives would have to decide

• Adams and Jackson were the choices

• Clay was Speaker of the house Supposedly he told supporters to vote for Adams

• The House Elected Adams

• Jackson was furious he had won the most popular votes and electoral votes but lost the election

Presidency of John Adams

• John Quincy Adams did not accomplish

very much

• People disliked him because of the “Corrupt

Bargain”

• He supported clay’s American System and

wanted the federal govt. to play a larger role

in supporting American economy

New Era of Politics

• 1824 began a new era of politics

• By Late 1790’s states began extending

suffrage- the right to vote

• Men just had to be white and over the age

of 21

• Now ordinary voters voted on electors

People Who Did Not Receive Suffrage

• Women

• African Americans

• Native Americans

• Children

Democracy in the Age of Jackson

• Extended the right to vote

• Ordinary people should vote in elections

and hold government positions

• Jackson and his supporters did not trust the

government

• Jackson and his supporters did not trust the

bank

New Political Parties

• 2 Party System returns

• Republican Party split in the Election of 1824

• Republicans and Democrats emerge

• Jackson was supported by the Democrats and

National Republicans supported Henry Clay

for the 1831 election

• By 1836 Anti Jackson supporters started a

new party- The Whigs

New Ways of Choosing The President

• Caucus: meeting of members of a political party

• Nominating Conventions: large meetings of

party delegates to choose candidates for office

Jackson Becomes President

• 1824 Election 3X the amount of people come out to vote

• Most new voters supported Jackson

• Sectionalism is growing and class divisions are more seen

Jackson- Supported in the West and south, also by small business people artisans and workers in cities

“Age of The Common Man”

• Jackson supporters helped coin the phrase “Age of The Common Man”

• 1,000s of ordinary workers flocked to Washington to be a part of Jackson's Inauguration

• More than 20,000 attended the Inauguration dinner

• Some called his time in office “Reign of king Mob”

Spoils System

• Jackson replaced many government officials with people who had supported him in his election

• Other officials had done this previously, however Jackson openly defended what he was doing

• “To the victors belong the spoils (loot)”

• Spoils System: the practice of rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters of the party that wins an election

• Tariff of Abominations 1828