Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 1 - Human Origins in Africa

Chapter 1 Section 1Key Terms

Artifact - Human made objects from the past

Culture - A unique way of life for a people

Hominid - Creatures that walk upright

Paleolithic Age - 2.5 Million to 8,000 BC

Neolithic Age - 8,000 BC to 3,000 BC

Homo Sapiens - Modern Human “Wise Man”

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Archaeology - Study of human history through excavation and artifacts

Anthropologist - Study of humankind

Paleontologist - Study of fossil animals and plants

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Mary Leakey - Archaeologist who discovered prehistoric footprints that proved hominids existed 3.6 millions years ago in East Africa (Tanzania) in 1978.

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Donald Johanson - Anthropologist who discovered a nearly complete female hominid (Lucy) dating back 3.5 millions years ago in Northeast Africa (Ethiopia) in 1974.

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Both discoveries where of a species called Australopithecines.

Key Traits - Opposable Thumbs & Ability to make and use items as tools.

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Human Inventions of the Stone Age

Creation of Tools

Mastery of Fire

Development of Language

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Paleolithic Age 2.5 Million to 8,000 BC

Majority of this time was during the Ice Age

The first stone tools date back from this era

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Neolithic Age 8,000 BC to 3,000 BC

Glaciers retract to present day levels

Refined tool making, pottery, and domestication of animals begin

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Homo Habilis or “Man of Skill”

Discovered my Mary & Louis Leakey in 1960 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania

Considered to be the first tool making species

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Homo Erectus or “Upright Man”

First species to begin to use technology to address their needs

First species to migrate for survival

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Homo Sapiens or “Wise Men”

This species is what we are

Larger brains that other species

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Neanderthals - Early version of Homo Sapiens from 200,000 to 30,000 years ago

Shorter, more muscular, very thick boned

Developed Social Structure

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Cro-Magnons - Type of Homo Sapien that first appeared 40,000 years ago

Identical skeleton to Modern Humans

Used planning and intelligence to hunt and survive

The End

Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 2 - Humans Try to Control Nature

Chapter 1 Section 2Key Terms

Nomad - People that wander from place to place making no permanent settlement

Hunter-Gatherer - People that depend on collecting wild plants and hunting for survival

Neolithic Revolution - The beginning of farming and people producing their own food

Slash & Burn Farming - Clearing and burning a field in order to fertilize it for growing crops

Domestication - Taming animals for human use

I. Achievements in Technology and Art

1. Early modern humans developed over 100 types of tools to assist in hunting prey & gather food

2. Cro-Magnons stitched clothing by creating needles out of bone