Chapter 1 - The Foundations for a New Kind of Science

Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002.

www.xiscanoe.org

o livro (2002)...

Three centuries ago science was transformed by the dramatic new idea that rules based on mathematical equations could be used to describe the natural world.

My purpose in this book is to initiate another such transformation...

mathematics concepts...1984... Wolfram!http://www.sciencetimeline.net/

os porquês... a descoberta...

• I took a sequence of simple programs and then systematically ran them to see how they behave. And what I found...

• very simple programs produce great complexity... as anything I had ever seen!

o princípio...

Principle of Computational Equivalence

that whenever one sees behavior that is not obviously simple – in essentially any system – it can be thought of as corresponding to a computation of equivalent sophistication

a particular system will behave just by running na experiment and watching what happens

relações com outras áreas

• Matemática... how small the scope is of what is now

considered Mathematics... and... the core of this book can be viewed as introducing a major generalization of mathematics – with new ideas and methods...

relações com outras áreas

• Física (teoria dos números, cálculo, probabilidade)

• Biologia (modelagem matemática)• Ciências Sociais (economia a psicologia)• Ciência da Computação (complexidade)• Filosofia (limites do conhecimento, unicidade

da condição humana, matemática)• Arte (padrões e formas, sons, imagens, ...)• Tecnologia (suportar a inovação nas áreas

mencionadas)

CA music generator

natural biotic types

Patterns of some seashells, like the ones in Conus and Cymbiola genus, are generated by natural CA.

http://www.answers.com/topic/cellular-automaton

arts

iniciativas do passado• Inteligência Artificial• Vida Artificial• Complexidade Computacional• Catástrofe• Caos• Complexidade• Cibernética• Sistemas Dinâmicos• Evolução• Matemática Experimental• Fractal• Nanotecnologia• Dinâmica Não-Linear• Computação Científica• Mecânica estatística

inquietações em 1974 (fourteen years old!!)• What is the fundamental origin of the

complicated patterns that one sees in turbulent fluids?

• How are the intricate patterns of snowflakes produced?

• What is the basic mechanism that allows plants and animals to grow in such complex ways?

Chapter 2 – The Crucial Experiment

22.000 BC

Arts

Biology

...

Esquistossomose?????