chapter 1 - overview-history

7/31/2019 Chapter 1 - Overview-History

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Location: a constitution-basedfederal republic on the

continent of North America

Area: 9,629,047 sq km(3,717,796 sq mi) (3rd largest< Russia & Canada)

50 states:48 contiguous states2 noncontiguous states of Alaska

& Hawaii

Population:2006 - 306,206,787 (3rdmost populous < China &

India.)


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Capital cityWashington D.C

Largest city

New York

- Language: English- Industrialization: Oil, electronic manufacturing, telecom- Culture: Hispanic Americans, American Indians and EuropeanAmericans -> Southwest, the Chinese -> in big cities (New

York , San Francisco).


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Land

Climate

Lakes, Rivers, Oceans (Water)

Resources

=> Diversity


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First inhabitants: Native

American

13

Eu

MexAfri


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1. What brought about the cultural diversity in the US?

2. What is multiculturalism?

3. List & Explain the positive & Negative effects of

Multiculturalism.


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The Colonial EraThe Making of a NationThe Civil War19th CenturyWorld War IWorld War II

The Cold WarThe War Against TerrorismWar With Iraq


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By 1733 English settlers had founded 13 coloniesalong the Atlantic Coast, from New Hampshire inthe North to Georgia in the South.

In North America, the French controlled Canada andLouisiana, which included the vast Mississippi Riverwatershed.

The end of the Seven Years' War between England

and France in 1763 left England in control of Canadaand all of North America east of the Mississippi.


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In 1773 a group of patriots responded by staging theBoston Tea Party to protest against tea taxation.

Revolutionary war broke out on April 19, 1775

On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted aDeclaration of Independence.

The war officially ended with the Treaty of Paris in1783, by which England recognized American

independence.


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Avoid central power >> Government: threebranches -- legislative (Congress), executive

(the president and the federal agencies), andjudicial (the federal courts)


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GEORGE WASHINGTON

FAVOR A STRONG PRESIDENT&CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

JEFFERSONPREFER TO ALLOT MORE

POWER TO STATES


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The first record of African slavery in Colonial Americaoccurred in 1619


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1828: ANDREW JACKSONBECAME THE 7TH USPRESIDENT-> END OF A POLITICAL ERADOMINATED BY THE PLANTERARISTOCRACY AND THE

COMMERCIAL ARISTOCRACY


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SLAVERY AND THE CIVIL WAR


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1860: Abraham Lincoln became the 16th USpresident -> a foe of slavery

SLAVERY AND THE CIVIL WAR


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1860: 11 states left the Union & declared tobe independent nation >>The Civil War began

The Civil War ended in 1865 The Civil War put an end to slavery and

decided that the country was not a collectionof semi-independent states but an indivisiblewhole.


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Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 Andrew Johnson was the 17th president of

the United States in 1865 A few years after the end of the Civil War, the

United States became a leading industrial

power, and shrewd businessmen made greatfortunes


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Unrestrained economic growth brought dangers The late 19th century was a period of heavy

immigration, and many of the workers in the new

industries were foreign-born. Food prices were falling, and farmers had to bear

the costs of high shipping rates, expensivemortgages, high taxes, and tariffs on consumergoods.


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In 1867, the USA purchased Alaska fromRussia.

In 1898, the war between the US and Spainbegan.

When the war was over, the United Stateshad gained a number of possessions from

Spain: Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, andGuam.


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In 1902 American troops left Cuba The Philippines obtained limited self-

government in 1907 and completeindependence in 1946.

Puerto Rico became a self-governingcommonwealth within the United States.

Hawaii became a state in 1959 (as did Alaska).


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World War I in Europe in 1914 Woodrow Wilsonurged a policy of strict American neutrality.

In 1919, because of the failure of the Treaty of

Versailles, Americans were becoming hostile toforeigners in their midst.


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The age of Prohibition: in 1920 a constitutionalamendment outlawed the sale of alcoholicbeverages.

The Roaring Twenties: the age of jazz andspectacular silent movies and such fads as flagpole-sitting and goldfish-swallowing.

For big business, the 1920s were golden years withbooming markets for radios, home appliances,synthetic textiles, and plastics.


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By 1932 thousands of American banks and over

100,000 businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half, wages had

decreased 60 percent.

One out of every four workers was unemployed.


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Franklin D. Roosevelt the 32ndpresident of the United States(1933-1945) had rushed through

Congress a great number of lawsto help the economy recover.

Although Roosevelt's New Deal

programs did not end theDepression, the economyimproved.


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The bombing PearlHarbor naval inHawaii in 1941brought the US to

the war.


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British and American

forces landed in NorthAfrica in November1942, proceeded toSicily and the Italianmainland in 1943, andliberated Rome on June4, 1944.


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In June 6, 1944, D-Day, allied forces landed inNormandy.

The Germans finally surrendered on May 5,1945. In August of 1945, the USA used atomic

bombs against the cities of Hiroshima andNagasaki.


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The cold war was between the United States and itswartime ally the Soviet Union.

In April 1949, the United States had allied with

Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,and the United Kingdom to form the North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO).


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On June 25, 1950, armed with Soviet weaponsand acting with Stalin's approval, North

Korea's army invaded South Korea. -> acommitment from the United Nations todefend South Korea was secured.

The war lasted three years, and the finalsettlement left Korea divided.


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From 1945 until 1970 the United Statesenjoyed a long period of economic growth

THE COLD WAR


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THE COLD WAR

In July of 1969,

astronaut Neil

Armstrong stepped out

of the Apollo 11

spacecraft and onto the

moon's surface


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By 1968, 500,000American troops

were fighting inVietnam. Demonstrations

protesting American

involvement brokeout on collegecampuses.


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Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968. He pursued a policy of Vietnamization, gradually

replacing American soldiers with Vietnamese. He re-established U.S. relations with the People's

Republic of China and negotiate the first StrategicArms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union.

In 1972 he easily won re-election.


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In late 1991, the Cold War came to an end. After World War II, Democrats held majorities

in the Congress in both the House ofRepresentatives and the Senate. In 1980, Republican Ronald Reagan was

elected president .


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In 1988, Republican George Bush became the

next US president. When Iraq invaded oil-rich Kuwait in 1990,

Bush put together a multinational coalitionthat liberated Kuwait early in 1991.


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Bill Clinton, a Democrat, is the 42thpresident.

The economy was strong in the mid-1990s.


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On September 11, 2001, terrorists carried outa devastating attack on the World Trade

Center in New York City and the Pentagon inWashington, D.C. Bush focused on tax cuts, education reform,

and an expanded role for church-based

charities in running social programs.


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In early October the United States went towar, bombing al-Qaeda training camps and

missile installations in Afghanistan Although the first phase of military action in

Afghanistan ended quickly, President Bushwarned Americans that the war against

terrorism would likely be a long one involvingmany other countries.


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