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Chapter 1 Lesson 1-2Understanding ComputersL1-1 Exploring Computer SystemsExplain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of dataDistinguish between RAM and ROMIdentify and appropriate output device for different types of dataContrast different storage devicesComputer SystemSeveral devices that perform the 4 basic functions of computingInputProcessingOutputStorage

Input Devices entering data, such as text, images, or sounds.KeyboardMouseTrackballTouchpadJoystickDigital CamerasScannersMicrophones

Input Devices

Processing DevicesLocated inside the computer and it travels from one device to another through computers motherboard.

Processing DevicesCPU main processing device (central processing unit)Carry fewer than 1,000 instructionsPerform millions of these operations every second

Processing DevicesRAM primary storage, temporary storage of instructions and data using chips called random access memoryROM Read-only memory chips that contain instructions that start the computer. These instructions do not change

Output DevicesDevices that display the results of the processingComputer screenPrinterSpeakers or headphones

Storage DevicesMagnetic Media : Floppy-disk, USB, Zips, REV drivesUSB: universal serial bus

Storage DevicesFlash Media : use non-magnetic storage medium called flash memoryUsed in digital cameras, handheld computers, and flash drives

Storage DevicesOptical Media: CD ROM, and DVDCD-R, CD-RW, or DVD/CD-RW used to record data onto blank diskCD-ROM, and DVD drives can only read data storedCD can store 650 megabytes or 74 mins of audio700 megabytes or 80 mins

L1-2Making Computers WorkExplain the Binary SystemDescribe how software is written and translatedSummarize the tasks of operating systemsIdentify two leading operating systems and explain why compatibility is an issue.

Digital ComputingBinary system: recognize two possible valuesBits (pieces) values8 bits together make a byteA byte has 256 possible values from 00000000 to 11111111

Digital ComputingLetterCodeNumberCodeA01000001100110001B01000010200110010C01000011300110011D?4?Digital ComputingLetterCodeNumberCodeA01000001100110001B01000010200110010C01000011300110011D01000100400110100Software Provides DirectionsStep by Step Instructions (Software Language)1. Get the number stored in a particular location in RAM2. Get another number from another particular location3. Add the two numbers4. Copy the answer to another particular location in RAMSoftware Provides DirectionsProgrammers write programs source code.Compilers translate the source code into binary form, using only 0s and 1sThe result is the object code.Operating SystemsSoftware that tells the computer how to do its work is the --- OPERATING SYSTEM

Two most popular operating systems areMicrosoft WindowsMacintosh OS (Apple Computers)Types of Computers for CompaniesSupercomputers

mainframe

Types of Computers for CompaniesMinicomputers

server

Types of Computers for Individualsworkstations

Desktop

Types of Computers for IndividualsPortable computer

Handheld computer

Test Your Knowledge1. This picture is an example of Input or output devices2. This is an example of input or output devices

Test Your Knowledge3. The 4 basic functions of computing include all the following except?A. processingB. inputC. storageD. commanding4. A camera can be an example of an input device.TRUEFALSETest Your Knowledge5. Which of the following device houses all the chips and circuits a computer needs in order to function?A. TableB. MotherboardC. PrinterD. Storage6. Which is also called primary storage?A. ROMB. RAMC. CPUD. DVDTest Your Knowledge7. Which of the following is an example of a secondary storage?A. CDB. ROMC. USBD. Both A & C8. Which is known as the language of computers?A. ByteB. RAMC. ROMD. Binary CodeTest Your Knowledge9. How many bits are needed to form a byte?A. 3B. 7C. 8D. 910. Which is an example of a binary number?A. 10011001B. -342C. 67439622D. .0000002Test Your Knowledge11. The binary code for the letter A is?A. 01000010B. 01000001C. 00001000D. 0011001112. ______ write the software and special language for computers.A. architectsB. techniciansC. programmersD. electriciansTest Your Knowledge13. What would you most likely use a microphone to input?A. commandsB. imagesC. soundD. text14. What are the two most popular operating systems?A. Word & ExcelB. Microsoft Windows & Macintosh OSC. Macintosh OS & AppleD. Powerpoint and MS100%