chapter 1 introduction to hazardous...
TRANSCRIPT
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Hazardous Materials for First Responders
4th Edition
Chapter 1 — Introduction to Hazardous Materials
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Learning Objective 1
Distinguish between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies.
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What makes a hazardous materials incident different?
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REVIEW QUESTION
How are hazardous materials incidents different from other types of emergencies?
1–3
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Discuss the roles of Awareness-Level and Operations-Level responders.
Learning Objective 2
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There are six levels of training according to NFPA® standards.
1–5
Awareness OperationsHaz Mat
Technician
Haz Mat Branch Officer
Haz Mat Incident
Commander
Private Sector
Specialist
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There are five levels of training according to OSHA standards.
1–6
Awareness OperationsHaz Mat
Technician
Haz Mat Branch Officer
On Scene Incident
Commander
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First responder roles vary by training level.
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are Awareness-Level personnel’ s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident?
What are Operations-Level personnel’ s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident?
1–8
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Describe the various types of hazardous materials hazards.
Learning Objective 3
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There are two main definitions of hazardous exposure.
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Acute
Acute health effects
Chronic
Chronic health effects
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Instantly freeze
materials
Liquefied gas
Cryogen
Cold temperatures can present unique dangers when working with cryogenic and liquefied gases.
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(Continued)
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of cryogenic materials?
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Cryogenic and liquefied gases can boil into a much larger vapor cloud.
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Courtesy of Steve Irby, Owasso Fire Department
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WARNING!
Any clothing saturated with a cryogenic material may be removed immediately. This actions is particularly important if the vapors are flammable or oxidizers. A first responder could not escape flames from clothing-trapped vapors if they were to ignite.
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ExamplesRequire extreme caution
Increase heat
effects
Elevated temperature materials can ignite flammable and combustible materials.
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The U.S. DOT definition of elevated-temperature material.
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Radiological Hazards exist at specific types of incidents.
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Each type of ionizing radiation has a different penetrating power.
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the four types of ionizing radiation? Describe each briefly.
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• Radiation
• Asphyxiation
• Chemical
– Toxic/Poisonous
– Corrosives
Health Hazards Vary
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(Continued)
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Corrosives comprise the largest usage class in the industry.
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(Continued)
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REVIEW QUESTION
The likelihood and severity of an adverse health effect resulting from a chemical exposure are dependent upon which factors?
What is the difference between an acid and a base?
1–22
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• Irritants
• Convulsants
• Carcinogens
• Sensitizers/Allergens
• Etiological/Biological
• Mechanical
Health Hazards Vary
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Microorganisms that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness.
1–24
Virus
Ricin
Bacteria
Cou
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DC
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Explosions present specific hazards.
1–25Co
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REVIEW QUESTION
Describe the different types of etiological hazards.
What four hazards can be caused by an explosion?
1–26
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Explain each of the routes of entry.
Learning Objective 4
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One route of entry is through inhalation.
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
What types of hazardous products may be inhaled into the body?
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A second route of entry is through ingestion.
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A third route of entry is through skin contact.
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the three main routes of entry as defined by the CDC?
Why is it important to know these?
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Describe the U.S., Canadian, and Mexican hazardous materials regulations and definitions.
Learning Objective 5
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• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
1–34
(Continued)
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• Environmental Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
• Department of Labor (DOL)
1–35
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
(Continued)
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is a process?
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• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
1–37
(Continued)
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• Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB), Department of Defense (DoD)
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), Department of Treasury
• Department of Justice (DOJ)
United States Haz-Mat Regulations
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are dangerous goods?
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• Transport Canada (TC)
• Environment Canada
• Health Canada
• Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
Canadian Regulations and Definitions
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• Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT)
• Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT)
• Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS)
Mexican Regulations and Definitions
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico?
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Discuss hazardous materials incident statistics.
Learning Objective 6
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Hazardous materials incidents trends can be measured.
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DISCUSSION QUESTION
Which mode of transportation is MOST likely to have a haz mat transportation incident?
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Summary
• First responders must understand their roles and limitations at haz mat emergencies.
• Numerous government agencies and government regulations play important roles in how hazardous materials are manufactured, used, transported, and disposed of. (Continued)
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• Haz mat incidents typically involve certain types of materials, but first responders must be prepared to deal with any emergencies.
Summary
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