chapter 1 - introduction to embedded system

8/10/2019 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Embedded System

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Mr. Azhar Bin Jaffar Lecturer Electrical Engineering DepartmentPoliteknik Ungku Omar

INTRODUCTIONTO

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Chapter


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What are some components of acomputer?

What is a Microprocessor? A Microcontroller? An Embedded System?

Discussion


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Components of a Computer

Central Processing Unit Interprets and carries out all the instructions

contained in software Memory

Used to store instructions and data Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)

Input/Output Used to communicate with the outside world


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a) Central processing unit (CPU)b) Main memoryc) Secondary memoryd) Input unite) Output unit

Block diagram of a computer system


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Microprocessor

A single chip that contains a whole CPU Has the ability to fetch and execute

instructions stored in memory Has the ability to access external memory,

external I/O and other peripherals

Examples: Intel P4 or AMD Athlon indesktops/notebooks

ARM processor in Apple iPod


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Microcontroller

Essentially a microprocessor with on-chip memoriesand I/O devices

Designed for specific functions All in one solution - Reduction in chip count

Reduced cost, power, physical size, etc.

Examples

PIC16F877A, MC68332, MC68HC11, PPC555 More details of components

A/D and D/A converters, PWM, communications,timing circuits, many others


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Microcontroller and its component


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Microprocessor in a Microcontroller
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:153056995_5ef8b01016_o.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIC18F8720.jpg


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Micro P VS Micro C

M i c r o p r o c e s s o r

EEPROM

RAM

Inputand

outputports

Serial I/O

Parallel I/O

Timer

PWM

Inputand

outputports

A/D

D/A

AnalogI/O

ROM

M i c r o p r o c e s s o r

EEPROM

RAM

Inputand

outputports

Serial I/O

Parallel I/O

Timer

PWM

Inputand

outputports

A/D A/D

D/AD/A

AnalogI/O

ROM

Microprocessor-based System

Microcontroller-based System


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The microprocessor is a processoron one silicon chip.

The microcontrollers are used inembedded computing.

The microcontroller is amicroprocessor with added circuitry.

Micro P VS Micro C


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1.1 What Is an Embedded System?

An embedded system is a special-purposecomputer system designed to perform one or a fewdedicated functions, often with real-time computing

constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device

including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a

personal computer, can do many different tasksdepending on programming.

Embedded systems control many of the commondevices in use today.

-- Wikipedia


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Definition

Hard to define Computing systems embedded within

electronic devices Nearly any computing system other

than a desktop computer


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Embedded System Application


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Microcontroller in a car


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Car Electronic System


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Embedded System Example

Automotive: Ignition System Engine Control ABS

Air Bag Instrumentation Security System Transmission

Control

Entertainment Climate Control Cellular Phone Keyless Entry Industrial

Control:

Robotics and Control Systems

Office Automation :

Fax Machine Laser Printers

Color Printer Scanners Paging Copier Air conditioner

Home Automation:

Appliances Intercom

Telephones Security Systems TVs Cable TV Tuner Camcorder

DVD Player Remote control Video Games Lighting Control Toys

Sewing Machines


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Advantages of Microcontroller Application

Design and Efficiency The central processing core in embedded systems is generally

less complicated, making it easier to maintain.

The limited function required of embedded systems allows themto be designed to most efficiently perform their functions.

Cost The streamlined make-up of most embedded systems allows

their parts to be smaller less expensive to produce.


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Accessibility Embedded systems are difficult to service because they are

inside another machine, so a greater effort is made to carefullydevelop them.

This concern is sometimes addressed in the design stage, suchas by programming an embedded system so that it will not affectrelated systems negatively when malfunctioning.

Maintenance Embedded systems are easier to maintain because the supplied

power is embedded in the system and does not require remotemaintenance.

Redundancies Embedded systems do not involve the redundant programming

and maintenance involved in other system models.


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Replacement of discrete logic-based circuits. Provide functional upgrades.

Improve mechanical performance.

Replacement of analog circuits.


chapter 1 - introduction to embedded system

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