chapter 1 data storage(1) yonsei university 1 st semester, 2015 sanghyun park
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1Data Storage(1)
Yonsei University
1st Semester, 2015 Sanghyun Park
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Outline Bits and their storage Main memory Mass storage (next file) Representing information as bit patterns (next file) Binary system (next file) Storing integers (next file) Storing fractions (next file)
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Bits and Their Storage Today’s computers represent information as patterns of
____
A bit (binary digit) is either one of two _____ – 0 and 1
Storing a bit within a machine requires a device that can be in one of two ______, such as a switch (on or off) ora relay (open or closed)
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Bit Operations
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Gates (1/3) We think of the digit 0 as representing the value _____
and the digit 1 representing the value ____
Operations that manipulate true/false values are called ________ operations
A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation is called a ____
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Gates (2/3) Gates can be constructed from a variety of technologies
such as gears, relays and optic devices
Current technology implements gates as small electronic _______
Gates are building ______ from which computers are constructed
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Gates (3/3)
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Flip-Flop Circuit (set of connected _____) whose output will flip or
flop between ___ values under control of external stimuli
Flip-flop can be used to store value of a ___
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Flip-Flop Output If both inputs are 0, output will ___ ______
Placing 1 on _____ input forces output to be 1
Placing 1 on _____ input forces output to be 0
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Setting the Output to 1 (1/3)
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Setting the Output to 1 (2/3)
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Setting the Output to 1 (3/3)
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Another Way of Constructing Flip-Flop
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Hexadecimal Notation Long bit streams are difficult to make sense of
The lengths of most bit streams used in a machine are multiples of _____
____________ notation is a shorthand notation for streams of bits
Hexadecimal notation is more ________, and_____ ___________ to manually read, copy, or write
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Hexadecimal Coding System
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Main Memory: Cells Cells are manageable units (typically _ bits) into which a
computer’s main memory is arranged
A _____ is a string of 8 bits
The left end of the conceptual row in which the contents of a cell are laid out is called the ________ end
The right end of the conceptual row in which the contents of a cell are laid out is called the _______ end
The bit at the low-order end is called the ___ significant bit
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Byte-Size Memory Cell
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Main Memory Addresses An _______ is a “name” to uniquely identify one cell in
the computer’s main memory
Addresses are __________ numbers, usually starting at ____
Cells have an _____: “previous cell” and “next cell” have reasonable meanings
Memory where any cell can be accessed independently is called _______ access memory
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Memory Cells Arranged By Address
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Measuring Memory Capacity “_____” normally means 1,000;
Kilobyte = 210 = 1,024
“_____” normally means 1,000,000;Megabyte = 220 = 1,048,576
“_____” normally means 1,000,000,000;Gigabyte = 230 = 1,073,741,824