CHAPTER 1 : MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING THINGS

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MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING THINGS

Match diagram below with correct type of microbes

DIAGRAM TYPE OF MICROBES

VIRUS

ALGAE

BACTERIA

FUNGI

PROTOZOA

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DEFINITION OF MICROORGANI

SMS

Complete the table below.

Characteristic Group of microorganisms(a) Exist in different shapes and are generally named according to their shapes.

(b) Cannot reproduce outside living cell.

(c) Can be crystallized.

(d) They are able to make their own food by photosynthesis.

(e) Most reproduce asexually by formation of spores or sexually by conjugation.

(f) They are unicellular animals and have the structure of general animal cells.

(g) They can form spore if the condition is not suitable

(h) They are plants but cannot make their own food

(i) The smallest microbe and only can be seen through electron microscope

(j) The largest microbe

Fill in the boxes below with type of reproduction

MICROORGANISMS METHOD OF REPRODUCTIONBacteria

Fungi

Protozoa

Virus

Algae

CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA

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B. Study the diagram below.

YEAST

1. How does yeast reproduces? _________________________________

2. How does yeast get its nutrient? _________________________________

FACTORS AFFECT THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS

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1. The growth of microorganisms is very much affected by environmental factors such as

(a) ____________________ (b) _________________ (c) __________________

(d) ____________________ (e) _________________

2. Complete the table below

FACTORS CONDITION FOR THE GROWTH OF BACTERIASUITABLE CONDITION UNSUITABLE CONDITION

Temperature 30oC, 37oC too high and too low

Humidity 20% of water dry

Light intensity dark bright

pH Value pH 7 (neutral) too acidic or alkaline

Nutrient has nutrient no nutrient

PEKA 1 : EFFECT OF PH VALUE ON THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS

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OBSERVATIONS

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EXPERIMENT : EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS

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STEPS

1. Four sterile petri dishes containing sterile nutrient agar are labelled as A,B,C and D respectively.2. Using a syringe,1cm3 bacteria culture solution is added onto the agar surface in each petri dish.3. The petri dishes are covered with their lids and sealed using cellophane tape.4. The petri dishes are inverted and placed in various places as stated below:

a. Petri dish A in a refrigerator at 5oCb. Petri dish B in a cupboard c. Petri dish C in an oven at 70oC

5. The petri dishes are left for two days.6. The observations on the bacterial growth are recorded at the end of the experiment.

OBSERVATIONS

ANALYSIS

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USEFUL MICROORGANISMS

1. The statements below show the uses and roles of beneficial microorganisms in daily life

A Yeast acts on carbohydrate to produce carbon dioxide that cause breads and cakes to rise.B Dead organisms such as plants and animals undergo a process called decomposition caused by

bacteria and fungiC Penicillin, which is produced from a certain type of fungus helps us to produce antibiotics.D Microorganisms such as bacteria and virus play an important role in the preparation of vaccines.E Certain algae produce beta carotene to prevent cancerF Bacteria living in herbivores digestive system secrete an enzyme called cellulose which helps to

digest cellulose.

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G Nitrogen fixing bacteria helps to bind nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it to nitrate in the soil.

H Yeast acts on glucose solution to produce alcohol.I Bacteria is used to oxidize alcohol in making of vinegar J Microorganisms are also used in biological control

Group the above statements into five categories

Category Statement

(a) Food digestion(i)………………………………………………………………….

(b) Decaying process(i)………………………………………………………………….

(c) Medicine

(i) ………………………………………………………………..

(ii) ………………………………………………………………..

(iii) ……………………………………………………………….

(d) Agriculture(i) ………………………………………………………………..

(ii) ………………………………………………………………..

(e) Industry

(i) ………………………………………………………………..

(ii) ………………………………………………………………..

(iii) ……………………………………………………………….

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS

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KAEDAH JANGKITAN PENYAKIT

KAEDAH JANGKITAN PENYAKIT

air water food vectorscontact body fluid

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KAEDAH MENCEGAH PENYAKIT YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH MIKROORGANISMA

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Jenis penyakit

Jenis penyakitJenis penyakit

Jenis penyakit Jenis penyakit

1. KAWALAN VEKTOR

CONTROL OF VECTOR - MOSQOUITOE

CONTROL OF VECTOR – HOUSEFLY

KAEDAH MENCEGAH PENYAKIT YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH MIKROORGANISMA

Control of vectors sterilisation

immunisation

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VEKTOR : Organisms or animals that carry pathogens

examples : mosquitoes, housefly, coacroach CONTOH :

2. PENSTEILAN

Padankan Rajah di bawah :

Kaedah pensterilan

Dilakukan oleh

menggunakan habaAntiseptic, disinfektan

menggunakan bahan kimia

Sinaran gama, sinaran ultraungu

menggunakan sinaran Pendidihan, pemanasan

Jenis bahan kimia Fungsi

Antiseptik (Contoh : larutan iodin, alkohol)

Chemicals used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on skin (wounds)

Disinfektan (example : formaldehaid, fenols)

Chemicals used to sterilize rooms, toilets, clothes, utensilsStronger than antiseptics and cannot be used on skin

3. IMMUNITY

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PENSTERILAN :

WAYS TO PREVENT AND TO TREAT DISEASES CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS

Match diagram below.

EXPLANATION WAYS TO PREVENT/TREAT

Chemical stimulates white blood cells to produce antibody

ANTIBIOTIC

Chemical that contains antibody injected to infected person

SURGERY

Chemical extracted from bacteria and fungi to kill bacteria and fungi

TRADITIONAL TREATMENT

The tissue or organ that is damaged is removed or replaced

VACCINE

Parts of plants or herbs used to treat diseases ANTISERUM

PEKA 2 : THE ACTION OF AN ANTIBIOTIC ON BACTERIA

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IMMUNITY : The ability of body to fight against pathogens

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1. Study the terms below.

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ANTIBIOTIC KILLS BACTERIA OR

ANTIBIOTIC RETARDS THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA

Complete the following statements with the correct terms.

Statement Term(a) Process of injecting vaccine

(b) A process to kill microorganisms

(c) Chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin

(d) Produced by white blood cells to fight against the invading antigens

(e) Harmful microorganisms causing diseases.

(f) Substance containing animal antibodies

(g) Pathogen or microbes in blood

(h) An agent that carries diseases

(i) Substance containing weakened pathogen

(j) The ability of the body to resist pathogens infections

2. The following are steps how to prepare the serum from a horse. (a) The body of the horse produces antibodies for a particular disease.

(b) The horse blood is centrifuged to obtain the serum

(c) The horse is injected with microorganism of a particular disease.

(d) The horse’s blood is extracted.

Rearrange the steps above to show how to prepare the serum from a horse.

Vector Immunity Sterilization Vaccine

Vaccination Antigen Antiseptics Antibody

Serum Pathogen

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(i) ………………………………………………………………………

(ii) ………………………………………………………………………

(iii) ……………………………………………………………………….

(iv) ……………………………………………………………………….

3. The diagram below shows the types of immunity.

Name

A : …………………………………. E : ………………………………… B: …………………………………. F : …………………………………

C: ………………………………….. G: …………………………………

D: ………………………………….

WAYS TO TREAT DISEASES CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Choose the word from the box given.

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Immunity

Active A

B C

Example: E Example:Vaccine

Natural D

Example: F Example: G

Penicillin cancer biotechnology antibiotic

killed liver replaced herbs

virus pathogens doctors tuberculosis

kidneys rabies gonorrhea removed

insulin tetanus radiotherapy bacteria

1. During surgery, the tissue or organ that is damaged or infected by diseases is ………………… or ………………………

2. Antibiotic given by the doctor must be consumed based on the allocated time and quantity. This is to ensure that all the pathogens causing the diseases are ……………. by the antibiotic. Otherwise, the surviving ………………….. will develop resistance towards the antibiotic. Hence, the same ……………………….. will not be able to cure the same diseases in the future.

3. Example of diseases that can be cured with antibiotics include …………….and ………………… Antibiotic cannot be used to cure diseases that are caused by …………………….

4. …………………. (x-rays or gamma rays) is used to kill ……………………….. cells in tumour.

5. In …………………. , microorganisms are used in genetic engineering such as the production of ……………………….. for diabetics.

6. To conserve the environment, ……………………. is used in the treatment of sewage.

7. Drugs are harmful to the body if taken in excess amounts. Over consumption of aspirin in the long term can damage the …………………….. and ………………………….

8. Antibiotics such as …………………….. can only be taken when prescribed and supervised by ………………………….. .

9. Use of …………………………… is a common type of traditional treatment.

10. Two examples of diseases that are easily treated with antiserum are ……………………….. and ……………………………….

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