chapter 1 basics of information transmission

INTRODUCTION TOTELECOMMUNICATIONS

How old is Communications….

• By Foot• Pigeons• Smoke Signals• Water Channels• Horses• Rail• Postal System• Telephone• Data Communications

By Foot

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Pigeons

NO HACKING

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Smoke Signals

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Water Channels

Horses

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Rail

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Postal System

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Telephone

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DIGITAL EXCHANGE

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Analogue or Digital

Data Communications

Information Age• First Industrial Revolution

– Introduction of machinery– Changed the way people worked

• Second Industrial Revolution – Information Age– Introduction of computers– Introduction of networking and data

communication– Changed the way people worked

• Faster communication Collapsing Information lag

• Brought people together Globalization

Collapsing Information Lag

1900 1950 2004-91850

huge quantities of information transmitted in a fraction of a second.

telegraph

Information took days or weeks to be transmitted

Information transmitted in minutes or hours

Electronic communications

sped up the rate of transmission of information,

growth of telecommunications and especially computer networks

globalization phenomenon

(WWW)

Datacom Basics

Broadband Communications

Telecommunicationstransmission of voice, video, data, - imply longer distances- broader term

Data Communicationsmovement of computer information by means of electrical or optical transmission systems

convergence

Network Types (based on Scale)

• Local Area Networks (LANs) - room, building– a group of PCs that share a circuit.

• Backbone Networks - less than few kms– a high speed backbone linking the LANs at various

locations.• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) - (< few 10 kms)

– connects LANs and BNs at different locations – leased lines or other services used to transmit

data.• Wide Area Networks (WANs) - (> few 10 kms)

– Same as MAN except wider scale

EXAMPLE OF A NETWORKEXAMPLE OF A NETWORK

RawalpindiLahore

NMS

Karachi

STM1 via SMW3 (Singtel)

RedundantPIX Firewall

Existing Catalyst4003 Switch

Catalyst6506 Switch

NMS

E3 via Satellite (Concert)

BPX 8680ATM Switch

RedundantPIX Firewall

CoreRouter

Distribution Router

BPX 8680ATM Switch

DistributionRouter

Distribution RouterCore

Router

E3 LinkFast Ethernet

STM1 Link

Gigabit Ethernet

Legend:

2xE3 (

PDH) + 3x

E1(SDH) 3xE3 (PDH) + 3xE1(SDH)

2xE3

SD

HEWLETTPACKARD SureStoreAutoloader

DLT 718

SUN E450

SD


DLT

718

SUN E450SUN E450

SD


DLT 718

E3 SMW3 (EMIX)

BPX 8680ATM Switch

Distribution Router Distribution Router

Core Router

E3 Satellite (Simplex)

Protocols

chapter 1 basics of information transmission

Technology