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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

In history, development of early settlement in Malaysia is a traditional village which is a

residential area inherited from the Malays generations and has the characteristics of

Malay architecture, the environment and it's concept more about Malay village area

(Jabatan Kerajaan Tempatan, 2013). From time to time, development of settlement had

developed by town and urban area. Lastly, it gives impact on disparity to a traditional

village and urban area that developed in better planned.

Therefore, traditional village has been neglected for this long period. Nowadays, the

rapid growth with development brought significant changes to traditional villages,

especially those located in the city and urban fringe. The traditional village settlement

becomes more isolated from urban development. According to Sharifah Mariam (2012)

new village settlements have unplanned layout, narrow streets and lack of infrastructure

and facilities. Effects of urbanization, slum area created until the environment looks bad

and uncomfortable. In order to future development at urban area, it has great abilities to

deal with solving the land use problem in urban area especially at new village

settlement. Redevelopment or land readjustment is needed to consider.

Land readjustment defined by Archer S.W. on 1987 as cited in UNESCAP (2013) is a

technique whereby a group of neighboring landowners in an urban-fringe area are

combined with a partnership in the unified planning, servicing and subdivision of their

land with the project costs and benefits being shared between the landowners. Many

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countries around the world, including Germany, Sweden, Japan, Taiwan and Korea

have applied land readjustment program are an integral pan of general economic

planning (Sorensen A., 2000). The program usually involves total reconstruction of the

areas to provide a better living condition for farming population and maintenance social

vitality in rural areas. Therefore, in Malaysia now it is a better way to readjust land use

in urban areas for upgrading villages. One of the areas in Malaysia that have new

village settlement is Kampung Skudai Kiri, Johor Bahru.

Kampung Skudai Kiri is located in Johor Bahru District, which is about 5-6 km from

Johor Bahru City Centre and has a high accessibility through Jalan Skudai (132'). The

study area is also located close to a main focus development at Southern Johor likes

Danga Bay development, Bandar Baru Uda, and Bandar Tampoi as the north and

northwest of Johor.

1.2 Problems Statement

The issues and problems that have been identified for this research is the following:

1.2.1 The Development Pressure by Surrounding Township

Kampung Skudai Kiri near located with development of township likes Danga Bay,

Bandar Baru Uda and Bandar Tampoi. Each of them are growing and expanding in the

economic, social and physical sector. Besides, formation of Iskandar Regional

Development Authority (IRDA) by the year 2007 have created on international standing

and economic global in Southern Johor and it gives impact to focus balancing living

environment between Kampung Skudai Kiri and surrounding main development.

1.2.2 Improper Land Distribution of Village Land Use

In the physical character, Kampung Skudai Kiri was an unplanned area during the

opening of this settlement. This was caused, when town center area at its surrounding

start developing other settlement, it was shown the unfair distribution of land use

development. Kampung Skudai Kiri not served the social facilities likes public space,

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education facilities and lack of infrastructure likes the local road was narrow. Effectively,

this situation isn't enhancing the quality of physical and residents quality of life.

1.2.3 Residents as a Person That Play a Role in Their Settlement Area

People as a public have a role to involve and participate in planning the development of

their living area. They had own right to ensure their living area have developed based

on their needs. However, the residents of Kampung Skudai Kiri do not

know their opportunity as public participation in improving their settlement and

neglect they face various problems. They also not assisted in participating in

approaching the idea on developing their settlement.

1.3 Aim and Objectives

Mostly, the aim of the study is should be attained or answered once the study was

completed. Meanwhile, objectives are formulated as general guidelines that should be

implemented to achieve the aim of the study. Thus, aim and objectives of this study are

formulated as following:

1.3.1 Aim

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the land readjustment concept in the

restructuring of village in urban areas.

1.3.2 Objectives

The objectives that consider achieving the aim are:

i. To identify the issue and the problem of the land readjustment concept to be

implemented in the study area.

ii. To survey the existing land use on the site, surrounding area, building use and

land administration with considers the physical land development and status.

iii. To survey the level of acceptability respondent as the landowner towards on

land readjustment concept.

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iv. Two analyses the existing land use on the site, surrounding, building use, land

administration and level acceptability respondent towards on land readjustment

concept.

v. To propose the new approaches and strategy towards land readjustment

concept implementation at the study area.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This study will be carried out based on the scopes as the limitation of the study. The

scope that has been identified as such below:

1.4.1 Theoretical Aspects of Land Readjustment Concept and Related

Development Policies

This research was focused on doing the literature review in land readjustment concept.

This theoretical in land readjustment have study on what way to residents involve the

development planning into restructure their settlement and explore what types, principle

of concept land readjustment that can applied in this research. This research will

forwards to search some countries those were applied the land readjustment concept.

Besides, in literature review have to focus on study historical opening the traditional

village and related policy development in the village that allocated at urban area in

Malaysia.

1.4.2 The Existing Land Use in Kampung Skudai Kiri

Research is important to do the exploration the situation on site and surrounding site.

This scope must be focused on physical aspects, which the research will observe the

circulation, development in the surrounding and on site land use and situation activities

people on site and activities surrounding area. The limitation radius surrounding site

was being around 1 kilometer to study and observe their influence aspect to the

Kampung Skudai Kiri.

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1.4.3 Level of Receptive Resident Towards the Concept of Land Readjustment

Resident was important as the indicator for this research. The knowledgeable of

resident in land readjustment must to investigate and their participations on

restructuring their settlement has to encourage. The success research of a land

readjustment approaching in Kampung Skudai Kiri depends on the consent among the

residents as landowners and planning policies involved directly or indirectly to function

as a united community in making decisions that might affect their community area.

1.5 Research Methodology

To conduct the research, there are five stages will be carried out to complete the study

in accordance with the specified time period (Figure 1.1). These stages are:

1.5.1 Stage 1: Preliminary Study

An early overview of the study will be identified to find out which aspects should be

studied. Other than that, identification of issues and problems must be finding as basic

for conducting the studies. At this stage, the direction of research will be conducted

through the formation of aim, objectives and scope of the study. The methodology of

this research will be structured to ensure all the elements and aspects of study have to

be done.

1.5.2 Stage 2: Literature Review

At this stage, studies will more emphasis on the theoretical aspects and scholarly

through reference materials such as books, articles, journal, newspaper articles and

reliable sources from the internet. This reference material, giving a clearer

understanding before doing field studies, survey, analysis and towards for coming out

the proposal. In this research, literature review will require to review the history of

opening traditional village in Malaysia and the concept of land readjustment for applying

at the old settlement or unplanned village that located in town or an urban fringe.

Furthermore, this research will review the Malaysia policies of development in

restructuring the traditional village settlement in urban areas. Then, this study also tries

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to discover another country, which already applied the land readjustment concept for

restructuring the area.

1.5.3 Stage 3: Data Collection

At this stage, the main necessity in doing a research is collecting the data. There are

two types of data, which apply in this study, primary data and secondary data.

First, the primary data will be collected directly on the site through the method in

communication, observational procedures and the experimental procedure. This

research is using the method of observation procedure and communication in collecting

the primary data. This research will do the field study by the observation procedure.

This method of data collection is used to investigate the physical development existing

and surrounding land use on site that causes of the isolated area from the urban area

and the lack of the infrastructure and facilities for the community. Other than that, the

communication method is using the questionnaire survey for data collection. This

survey will also investigate the respondent for their receptive on the renewal their

settlement by applying the technique of land readjustment. For the sampling, this study

determines the sample size by using the probability sampling method in simple random

sampling.

Second, the secondary data is data that already available and can be obtained from the

government sources, commercial sources, industry sources and other sources. For this

research, the secondary data involved the internal data only. The internal data will get

form Local Government information. The information is the land use plan of the

Kampung Skudai Kiri and the development plan for the Johor Bahru District, Johor

Bahru Local Plan. Besides, data for the list of residents is required. These resources

are to use for field study and the information on site background. Furthermore, the land

use plan and development plan are to use for analyses in land use development on the

site. Other than that, the research must have the secondary data of policies of

development in restructuring the village in urban areas. These policies are used to

study the approaching the policies to consider renewal the village in the urban or fringe

urban area.

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1.5.4 Stage 4: Analysis and Findings

At this stage, data that have been collected, problems that have been identified will

study with more specificity. All information from data collection will analyse to obtain the

outcome of new findings. With this finding, it would be helpful to the fifth stage of the

proposal. This research will try to come out the finding about level receptive of resident

in Kampung Skudai Kiri for approach land readjustment concept towards restructuring

their settlement become systematic and planned land use. Furthermore, the finding will

come out the site analysis on the land use of the Kampung Skudai Kiri. Once identified

findings in terms of the potential and constraint it will be formulated to develop

recommendations on the fifth level.

1.5.5 Stage 5: Recommendations and Conclusion

At this final stage, recommendation will produce based on finding. The recommendation

is framed based on the awareness and the level acceptability among resident Kampung

Skudai Kiri approaching the land readjustment on restructuring the traditional village

settlement. Furthermore, this study will focus on the opinion from the public were also

being considered in order to get residents consensus in decision making. Therefore, the

recommendations of this study were proposed in the form of new approaches and

strategy towards land readjustment concept implementation at the study area.

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Figure 1.1: Study Methodology Flow Chart

Stage 5 : Recommendations

and Conclusion

Problem Statement of Research

Aim and Objectives

Scope of the Study and Research Methodology

Data Collection

Secondary Data

Internal Data (Local Government information):

1) Johor Bahru District Council:

-Land use plan of Kampung Skudai Kiri

-Johor Bahru Local Plan

2)Land & District Offices:

- Policies of development in restructure the village in

urban area

- List of ownership at Kampong Skudai Kiri.

Data Analysis

and Findings

Site Analysis of on site and

surrounding land use, building use

and land administration

Recommendations and Conclusion

Stage 2 : Literature Review

Stage 1 : Preliminary Study

Stage 3 : Data Collection

Stage 4 : Analysis and Findings

Primary Data

1) Observation Procedure:

Investigate the physical development (land

use, land matter, and building use).

2) Communication: (Questionnaire Survey)

Investigate the respondent for their

receptive on the renewal their settlement by

apply the technique of land readjustment.

- Level receptive of resident in Kampung Skudai

Kiri for approach land readjustment concept

- Receptive on propose feasibility in land

readjustment concpet

Historical of opening tradisional village in Malaysia

Malaysia policies of development in restructure the

new village settlement.

Concept of land readjustment

Example other country that applied the land

readjustment concept

Literature Review

Preliminary Study

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