chapter 1 an overview of using computers. computer literacy knowing how to use a computer
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1
An Overview of Using Computers
Computer Literacy
Knowing how to use a computer
Information Literacy
Knowing how to find, analyze, and use
information
Internet•WWW-World Wide Web•Global network of computers that houses information on millions of subjects
Computer
An electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory
unit.
Basic Computer Parts
•Input Devices
•System Unit
•Output Devices
•Storage Devices
Input Devices• Keyboard• Mouse• Scanner• Joystick• Touch Screen• Light Pen• Digital Camera• Flash Drive
System Unit
• Box-like case that contains the electronic circuits
• contains:– Motherboard– CPU (central
processing unit)– RAM & ROM
(memory)
Central Processing UnitThe “Brain” of the Computer
• Contains two units:–control unit - executes the instructions that guide the computer through a task
–arithmetic/logic - performs math and logic ( Yes & No) operations
Motherboard
The main circuit board to which all processing
equipment is attached
The “BRAIN”
RAM•Random Access Memory
•Temporarily stores data and instructions when they are being used
ROM
Read Only MemoryAlways running in the computer to operate the system
Output Devices•Printer•Monitor •Speakers•Headphones•Projector
Storage Devices
•Hard disk drive or C:
•CD-ROM drive or D: (uses a low powered laser light to read data)
•Jump drive or E:
Communication Devices
•Modem (connects computers over telephone lines or cable)
•Network (group of computers connected together using a network interface card)
Information Processing Cycle
• Input - data (raw facts)
• Process
• Output
• Storage
Input Phase
Data (raw facts) are accepted into the
computer
Process Phase
Computer manipulates and organizes data to create
information
Computer SoftwareThe key to productive use of computers
Computer ProgramA series of instructions that tells
the computer what to do
•Application Software: tells computer how to produce information ( # 29)
•System Software: controls the actual operations of the computer equipment
User InterfaceDetermines how you will interact with
the computer
Graphical User InterfaceProvides visual clues like small
pictures or icons
Microsoft Windows is the most widely used GUI for personal
computers
Peripheral Devices
Any device connected to the system unit (hardware)
Multimedia
Combining text, graphics, video,
and sound
Category Description
Personal Computer
Personal Assistant
or a cell phone
Laptop computer
Desktop computer
Network computers
Servers
Mainframe Computers
Supercomputers
Calendar, address files, Internet access, pictures,
etc.
Weighs between 3-10 lbs. Can be carried
around.Most common type of PC
Low-cost computer designed to work directly to a network, or as a stand-alone computer.
Designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, software,
and hardware.Can handle 100’s of users. Require special environment including ac, cooling, and power. Cost several thousands to millions of dollars.Most powerful. Used for weather forecasting, space explorations, military, etc. The most expensive
computer.