Chapter 1A New World

“The two greatest and most important events in the history of mankind were the discovery of America

and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia.”

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776)

CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT FOR THURSDAY AUGUST 27

1-Peruse PPT Chapter 1, A New World, The Expansion of Europe through The Demographic Disaster, pp. 20-27, on your own. Take the time to explore the links. Then…

2-Choose an explorer to research and write a short report on him.

3- Address these questions:

-who did you choose and why?

-what was/were the most interesting fact(s) that you learned about your explorer?

-had you been alive in that time and place, would you have joined your explorer on his voyages? Why or why not?

III. The Expansion of EuropeEuropean conquest of the Americas began as an offshoot of the quest for a sea route to India, China, and the islands of the East Indies.

Source of luxury goods for international trade: silk, tea, spices, porcelain.

Centuries-old commerce from China and South Asia had gone through the Middle East to the Mediterranean and into Europe.

Europeans desired to eliminate Muslim middlemen who enforced taxes on all trade passing through the overland route (Ottoman empire.)

Portuguese navigators pushed south and discovered sea route around southern tip of Africa.

III. The Expansion of Europe: A. Chinese and Portuguese Navigation

• Chinese Admiral Zheng He, 1405-1433, explored coast of East Africa.

• However, the lead in world exploration fell to the Portuguese.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ• Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He! 15th Century Mariners. Crash

Course: World History #21 (10m)

III. The Expansion of EuropeB. Portugal and West Africa

• Bartholemeu Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.

• By the time Vasco da Gama sailed to India in 1498, Portugal had established a vast trading empire.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFIyuYPP6PE&list=PLF07519D57FC53E2C

• Vasco da Gama - Mini Biography (3m)

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

Map 1.3 The old world on the eve of Americancolonization, ca.1500

III. The Expansion of EuropeB. Portugal and West Africa

• The search for African gold drove the early explorers.

• Caravel, compass, and quadrant made travel along the African coast possible for the Portuguese in the early fifteenth century.

• • Like overland trade with Asia, the African gold trade was

controlled by Muslim merchants.

• Portuguese explorers pushed south and beyond to discover a way round them.

European voyages of discovery

III. The Expansion of EuropeD. The Voyages of Columbus

Christopher Columbus (Cristobal Colon), an Italian from Genoa, also sought sea routes to China and India and believed he could find them by sailing across the Atlantic.

He received financial support from Catholic monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.

Also from bankers and merchants of Spain and the Italian city states who wanted to avoid the stranglehold/taxes exercised by Muslim middlemen in the Middle East on the overland route.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo• Christopher Columbus - Mini Biography (3m)

IV. ContactA. Columbus in the New World

• Columbus landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in 1492 and colonization began the next year.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xtGTf0dwBk• (Columbus and the Taino) (12m)

• Nicolas de Ovando established a permanent base in Hispaniola in 1502.

• Amerigo Vespucci sailed along the coast of South America between 1498 and 1502, and the New World came to be called America.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSuznTcWcP4• Mini Bio: Amerigo Vespucci (3m)

IV. ContactB. Exploration and Conquest

• News of discoveries travelled quickly because of the invention of Gutenberg’s movable-type printing press in the early 1400s.

• Many explorers followed in Columbus’s wake. The race was on!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-Ma40uyo-I• Johannes Gutenberg Biography (1m)

• John Cabot had traveled to Newfoundland in 1497 and soon many Europeans were exploring the New World.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJOvmicAGjw• John Cabot - Mini Biography (2m)

IV. ContactB. Exploration and Conquest

• In 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa trekked across Panama and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

• Ferdinand Magellan led an expedition to sail around the world between 1519-1522.

• Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y94s85-Crew• Ferdinand Magellan - Mini Biography (2m)

IV. ContactB. Exploration and Conquest

• Two Spanish conquistadors, Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, led devastating expeditions against the Aztec and Inca civilizations, respectively, in the early 1500s.

• Francisco Pizarro - Mini Biography (3m)• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-Px6ZG_NDQ

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oicgynllrfY• Hernán Cortés - Mini Biography (3m)

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyEngravings, from the Florentine Codex

IV. ContactC. The Demographic Disaster

• The Columbian Exchange was the transfer/exchange of plants and animals, and diseases.

• -products introduced to Europe from the Americas: corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, and cotton

• -products from Europe to the Americas: wheat, rice, sugarcane, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep.

-Native populations were significantly depleted through wars, enslavement, and especially disease (smallpox, influenza, and measles.)

-Catastrophic population drop of approx. 80 million.

-Natives were geographically isolated populations with no natural immunity to Old World germs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dt5g-1DtVL0 (9m)

Guns, Germs and Steel Part 12 of 18

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAnother scene from the Florentine Codex

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT DUE FRIDAY AUGUST 28

Read and take notes on pp. 32-40 (3rd ed.) (skip p. 39 if you wish) Las Casas’s Complaint through The Pueblo Revolt, then answer the following question in a well-constructed paragraph:

1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what were his main complaints against Spanish rule? (Be sure to read From Bartolome de Las Casas, History of the Indies (1528) on p. 38.) Cite specific examples from the text in your answer.