chapter 04 ppt

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 4: Frameworks for Health

Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Risk Reduction


Chapter Highlights

• Influences on health and well-being

• Role of the nurse as an interdisciplinary team member in health promotion and prevention

• Health promotion programs

• Epidemiologic models of health promotion and public health science


Chapter Highlights (cont.)

• Levels of prevention and pathogenesis

• Immunizations

• Screening

• Behavior change theories

• Ecological model and women living with HIV/AIDS


Question

Tell whether the following statement is True or False:

International goals and directives to maintain the health of individuals, families, and communities are significant roadmaps for healthcare professionals


Answer

False

Rationale: National, not international, goals and directives to maintain the health of individuals, families, and communities are significant roadmaps for health care professionals.


Health

• Health—a quality, an ability to adapt to change, or a resource to help cope with challenges and processes of daily living

• Well-being—a subjective perception of full functional ability as a human being


Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Risk Reduction as Core Activities of Public Health• Following are the ten key components of public health

practice that are central to keeping populations healthy and safe.

– Preventing epidemics

– Protecting the environment, workplaces, and sources of food and water

– Promoting health behavior

– Monitoring the health status of the population

– Mobilizing community resources into service


Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Risk Reduction as Core Activities of Public Health (cont.)– Responding to disasters

– Assuring the public that there are trained personnel to assist them and that there is access to areas for health care

– Reaching out to those at high risk

– Researching risk, disease acquisition, and ways to prevent injury through interventions

– Influencing policy to acquire resources to effect change


Healthy People Initiatives

• To increase quality and years of health life

• To eliminate any barriers to accessing care, specifically through health disparities


Road Maps to Health Promotion

• Epidemiologic model and prevention

– Modifiable risk factors—susceptibility to disease or injury that can be controlled by individual people, families, or communities

• Epidemiologists make conclusions about the direction of further study by considering

– Relative risk of an agent causing a problem

– Consistency

– Exposure

– Timing


Question


Tertiary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury


Answer

False

Rationale: Secondary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury

Tertiary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories


Levels of Prevention

• Primary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place before illness or injury is present

• Secondary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury

• Tertiary prevention — maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories


Question


Learning model—a behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion


Answer

False

Rationale: Health belief model—a behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion

Learning model—a behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose


Behavior Models

• Motivational interviewing—client-centered communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change

• Behavior change models—models that assist clients, groups, and communities to redirect activities toward health and wellness


Learning Model

• A behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose


Health Belief Model

• A behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion


Transtheoretical Model

• Precontemplation

• Contemplation

• Preparation

• Action

• Maintenance

• Relapse


Theory of Reasoned Action

• A behavior model that emphasizes that individual performance of a given behavior is primarily determined by a person's intention to perform that behavior


Social Learning

• A behavior change model that considers environmental influences, personal factors, and behavior as key components to change


The Relapse Prevention Model

• Negative emotional states

• Lack of, or limited coping skills

• Decreased motivation

• Stress

• High risk experiences


Ecological Model

• Belief that all processes occurring within individual people and their environment should be viewed as interdependent


Use of the Ecological Model: Evidence for Health Promotion Intervention

• Emphasize the unique developmental nature of variables those influence behaviors

• Use a multilayered understanding of influence on behaviors

• Test variables from each of the identified systems in the model to guide the assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation of targeted interventions


Use of the Ecological Model: Evidence for Health Promotion Intervention (cont.)

• Ontogenic system—personal factors

• Microsystem—relationship between women and the environment

• Exosystem—formal and informal social structures

• Macroculture—values and beliefs of culture

chapter 04 ppt

Documents

health behavior

health of individuals

health disparitiescopyright

health status

public health sciencecopyright

health care professionals

years of health life

disease prevention