chapter 02 microemulsions for cleaning applications 1copyright © 2013 elsevier inc. all rights...

Chapter 02

Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications

1Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 2.1 Phase behavior obtained by varying salinity oil–water–surfactant system.

Lirio Quintero , Norman F. Carnahan

Chapter 2 - Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications

Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning - Methods of Cleaning and Cleanliness Verification. Pages 65 – 106

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-7879-3.00002-9

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

FIGURE 2.2 Phase diagrams of brine oil–water–surfactant blend system.




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FIGURE 2.3 Effect of cosurfactants on the interfacial tension (a) between aqueous and oil phases of the microemulsion system and (b) between the hydrocarbon (petroleum) and three microemulsions formulated without alcohol, with 3 wt% alcohol, and 5 wt% alcohol.




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FIGURE 2.4 Interfacial tension of system used in microemulsion formulations for cleaning oily surfaces contaminated with oil-based drilling fluids.




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FIGURE 2.5 Schematic of contact angles of solid/water/oil interfaces.




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FIGURE 2.6 Contact angle between water drop and glass slide (a) clean glass slide, (b) exposed to the oil-based fluid and (c) exposed to sequence of oil-based fluid and microemulsion fluid.




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FIGURE 2.7 Progression from a clean surface to a surface with adhered contaminant to the same surface upon contact with a microemulsion.




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FIGURE 2.8 Effect of changes in composition or temperature on microemulsion phase behavior.




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FIGURE 2.9 Schematic of oil-based drill cuttings.




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FIGURE 2.10 Drill cuttings (a) before treatment and (b) after washing with microemulsion fluid.




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FIGURE 2.11 The stainless steel sleeve after (a) exposure to synthetic-based mud (SBM) and (b) treatment with the microemulsion spacer.




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FIGURE 2.12 Photographs of a drill pipe (a) before and (b) after displacement with the microemulsion spacers.




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FIGURE 2.13 Cleaning test at various ratios of spacer/OBM in glass vials: (a) initial state, (b) after 16 h aging, and (c) after slight rinse.




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FIGURE 2.14 Cleaning performance of two fluids selected from the surfactant–oil–brine system presented in Fig. 2.14 (a).




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FIGURE 2.15 Regain permeability test (a) schematic of permeability tests setup, and (b) regain permeability results.




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FIGURE 2.16 Fluids separation in emulsion tests using crude oil and a Winsor IV system fluid.




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FIGURE 2.17 Wastewater cleaning with surfactant or microemulsion froth flotation.




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FIGURE 2.18 Subterranean use of microemulsion to clean contaminated soil.




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chapter 02 microemulsions for cleaning applications 1copyright © 2013 elsevier inc. all rights...

Documents

cleaning methods o

surface contamination

cleaning oily surfaces

carnahan chapter

lirio quintero

cleanliness verification

clean surface

clean glass slide