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Chapter 02

From Cells to Systems

True / False Questions

1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body. TRUE

Multiple Choice Questions

2. The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus. A. CytoskeletonB. PeroxisomeC. CytosolD. Phospholipid


3. Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane. TRUE


4. The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of A. ProteinsB. CarbohydratesC. PhospholipidsD. All of these choices are correct

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5. How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane? A. Single layer with hydrophilic heads outwardB. Double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each otherC. Double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each otherD. Double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside

6. The only flagellated cells in humans are A. OvaB. SpermC. Goblet cellsD. Tumor cells

7. Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called A. CiliaB. MicrovilliC. FlagellaD. Vesicles


8. The cytoskeleton of a cell can serve as a railway that can transport organelles and molecules to different intracellular destinations. TRUE


9. Microtubules and microfilaments are the primary components of the A. CytosolB. NucleusC. CytoskeletonD. Plasma membrane

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10. Tay-Sach's disease is caused by a genetic defect which affects the activity of _______ enzymes. A. MitochondrialB. LysosomalC. CentrosomalD. Ribosomal

11. The organelle involved in the production of energy is the A. MitochondriaB. RibosomeC. CytoskeletonD. Centriole


12. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. TRUE

13. Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells. TRUE

14. The granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by a lack of ribosomes. FALSE

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15. Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of A. LysosomesB. Golgi apparatusC. Rough endoplasmic reticulumD. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

16. Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via A. Nuclear poresB. Endoplasmic reticulumC. VesiclesD. Centromeres

17. It seems that humans have about this number of genes: A. 25,000B. 100,000C. 3 millionD. 3 billion


18. The term proteome refers to all of the genes in a particular individual. FALSE

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19. Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and _____________. A. Phospholipids; DNAB. DNA; proteinC. RNA; proteinD. DNA; RNA

20. Genetic translation occurs in ribosomes located in the _____________ of the cell. A. NucleusB. Plasma membraneC. CytoplasmD. Golgi apparatus

21. _____________ RNA has the function of bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation. A. TransferB. MessengerC. RibosomalD. Nuclear

22. The _____________ of the messenger RNA is recognized by the _____________ of the transfer RNA. A. Triplet; codonB. Codon; anticodonC. Anticodon; codonD. Anticodon; triplet

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23. Anticodons found in mRNA allow for base pairing with the codons in tRNA. FALSE


24. A cell lacking a Golgi apparatus would not be able to add _____________ to proteins. A. LipidsB. ProteinsC. CarbohydratesD. Acids

25. The Golgi apparatus is involved in A. Intracellular calcium storageB. Adding carbohydrates to proteinsC. Degradation of organellesD. Mitotic chromosomal movement

26. DNA replication is A. ConservativeB. Semi conservativeC. DispersiveD. Both semi conservative and dispersive

27. Apoptosis involves the activation of enzymes called ______________, which are the cell "executioners" that activate other enzymes in the nucleus that fragment the DNA. A. NeutrophilsB. LysosomesC. CaspasesD. Peroxisomes

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28. The family of enzymes in cells activated during apoptosis are A. Necrotic enzymesB. ChromatidsC. CaspasesD. Centromeres

29. Chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell during this stage of mitosis: A. ProphaseB. AnaphaseC. MetaphaseD. Telophase

30. Chromosomes move to opposite poles in A. AnaphaseB. MetaphaseC. ProphaseD. Telophase

31. Centrioles replicate during A. AnaphaseB. CytokinesisC. InterphaseD. Telophase

32. Enzymes ______________ the rate of a specific chemical reaction. A. DecreaseB. IncreaseC. Have no effect on

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33. A ______________ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one cubic centimeter of water one degree on the Celsius scale. A. LigandB. MeterC. Boiling pointD. Calorie

34. ______________ is the universal energy carrier. A. GlucoseB. ATPC. ADPD. GTP


35. In glycolysis, glucose is converted to glycogen. FALSE


36. Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules. A. GlycogenB. Lactic acidC. Acetyl CoAD. Pyruvic acid

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37. To go through glycolysis, _________ ATP per glucose molecule must be "invested" in order to activate the glucose molecule. A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four


38. Lactic acid fermentation is also known as aerobic respiration. FALSE


39. ________ muscle is better adapted to anaerobic conditions than cardiac muscle. A. SmoothB. Skeletal

40. ______________ cells normally produce ATP exclusively by anaerobic respiration. A. Red bloodB. White bloodC. SkinD. Nerve

41. Blood glucose concentrations can be maintained by hydrolysis of glycogen in the A. LiverB. Skeletal muscleC. Smooth muscleD. Kidneys

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42. During the conversion of one pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A, ______________ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide is/are produced. A. NoB. OneC. TwoD. Four

43. Aerobic respiration A. Uses glucoseB. Generates waterC. Uses both glucose and generates waterD. Generates oxygen

44. Each turn of the Krebs cycle directly produces ______________ molecule(s) of ATP. A. OneB. TwoC. FourD. No


45. The electron transport chain is responsible for the production of the majority of cellular ATP. TRUE

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46. Energy lost during the process of aerobic cell respiration is given off as A. Carbon dioxideB. WaterC. OxygenD. Metabolic heat

47. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ______________. A. NADB. HydrogenC. OxygenD. ATP


48. The electron transport chain functions to create a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane. FALSE

49. Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport chain. FALSE

50. Theoretically, complete catabolism of glucose generates a maximum of 32 ATP. FALSE

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51. Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the Krebs cycle? A. GlucoseB. Fatty acidsC. ProteinD. All of these choices are correct


52. The majority of energy within the body is stored as triglycerides. TRUE

53. Tissues are groups of cells that have similar functions. TRUE

54. Organs involved in carrying out related functions are grouped into systems. TRUE

55. Organs are comprised of a minimum of two primary tissues. TRUE

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56. Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body? A. Nervous tissueB. Epithelial tissueC. Muscle tissueD. Liver tissue


57. Intercalated discs are found in muscles attached to the skeleton. FALSE

58. All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton. FALSE


59. Contraction of ____________ muscle can be consciously controlled. A. CardiacB. SmoothC. Skeletal

60. These muscle cells do NOT have a striated appearance: A. Skeletal muscle cellsB. Smooth muscle cellsC. Cardiac muscle cellsD. Both smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells

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61. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle cells? A. The cells are branchedB. These cells are attached to skeletal bones by tendonsC. Intercalated discs connect adjacent cellsD. These cells are found in the digestive tract


62. Nervous tissue is specialized to produce and conduct electrical impulses. TRUE


63. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of a neuron? A. DendritesB. Cell bodyC. NeurofibrilsD. Axon

64. Neuroglial cells are supporting cells present in the A. BrainB. Spinal cordC. Effector organsD. Both brain and spinal cord

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65. Epithelial membranes cover body surfaces and line the cavity of organs. TRUE

66. Stratified epithelial membranes provide little protection but transport substances between the internal and external environments. FALSE


67. Membranes are formed by ____________ tissue. A. NervousB. MuscularC. NeuroglialD. Epithelial

68. Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a(n) ____________ shape. A. SquamousB. CuboidalC. ColumnarD. Rectangular

69. The ____________ is the polysaccharide layer attaching an epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue. A. Goblet cellB. EpidermisC. Basement membraneD. Plasma membrane

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70. Epithelial membranes that are more than one layer thick are called A. SimpleB. StratifiedC. SquamousD. Ciliated

71. Histological examination of a membrane shows several layers of keratinized flattened cells. This sample most likely came from A. The epidermis of the skinB. The lining of the oral cavityC. The lining of the urinary bladderD. The lining of the digestive tract

72. _______________ glands secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of a membrane. A. EndocrineB. Exocrine

73. All glands that secrete into the digestive tract are A. EndocrineB. ExocrineC. Both endocrine and exocrineD. Sebaceous glands

74. Osteocytes are found within A. CanaliculiB. DentinC. LamellaeD. Lacunae

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75. Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extra cellular matrix? A. BoneB. BloodC. AdiposeD. Irregular dense connective tissue

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chapter 02 from cells to systemstestbankcollege.eu/sample/test-bank-fundamentals-of... · web...

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