chapt 15 persuasion
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TRANSCRIPT
Persuasive Speaking
Persuasive Speech Assignment
Five minutes in length
Speech outline required
Must reference at least two sources
Site sources in written outline using APA style
Does not require a visual aid
Dress appropriately
Persuasion
Verbal and nonverbal messages that shape, reinforce and change people’s responses
Move audience to action, to change/alter their behaviors
Persuading Your Audience
Understanding your audience’s disposition – must provide a good reason to listenReceptive audienceHostile audienceNeutral audience
Developing a Persuasive Topic & Thesis
Your topic…Should be somewhat controversialMust allow you to develop a message to bring about change in the audience
The Balance of Three
Content
Delivery
Organization
Three cornerstones of persuasion:
EthosLogosPathos
EthosPerceived personal character of the speaker
High ethos if speaker is perceived as having integrity and can be trusted
Passionate about topicTrustworthinessGoodwill
Examples of people with high Ethos?
LogosRational or logical proofs
Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning
Evidence to support claims
PathosAppeals to listeners’ emotions
We are influenced by our feelings of passion, personal values and perceptions
Should be combined with logical appeals for lasting effect
Different types of appeals:
Motivational appeals – based on perceptions. Audience moved to do something because it’s reasonable
Emotional appeals – based on emotions. Personal stories, pictures that tug on heartstrings
Logical appeals – reasoning and evidence
Supporting your thesis
Facts – consensus concerning existence
Testimony – statements and quotations from accepted authorities, people with high levels of credibility
Inference – reason from an already accepted position to another position that seems to follow from the already accepted one
Statistics – collection, classification, description, and interpretation of data collected from surveys and experiments
Types of Credibility
Initial credibility – titles, positions, experiences, etc.
Derived credibility – listeners recognize expertise and trustworthiness from speakers during a presentation through the organization of logic, convincing evidence and speaking dynamically.
Terminal credibility – cumulative expertise, goodwill and trustworthiness listeners recognize in a speaker.
Building Credibility
State qualifications
Show listeners you care about them
Appeal to listeners’ emotions, but don’t be too dramatic
Reason carefully and avoid reasoning fallacies
Use ethical supporting materials
Use congruent verbal and nonverbal communication and show listeners you care about the topic
Counterarguments
Presenting the “other side”
Helps build credibility by presenting a different view/perspective
The Balance of Three
Content
Delivery
Organization
Practicing Your Speech
BREATH!
Practice, and then practice again and again
Practice using presentation aids
Practice your delivery with nonverbal cues
Look at your audience
Stand still and bend knees
Practice again
Discuss:
What is your thesis?
How will you develop credibility?
What kind of appeals will you make as a speaker?
What kind of evidence and counter arguments will be used?
What organizational pattern will be used?