chap1 - mạng máy tính
DESCRIPTION
mạng máy tínhTRANSCRIPT
-
18/08/2014
1
Mng my tnh
Ging vin: Bi Trng TngB mn Truyn thng v Mng my tnh
Vin Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thngi hc Bch khoa H Ni
1
V mn hc ny
M HP: IT3080
Tn hc phn: Mng my tnh
Khi lng: 3(3-1-0-6)
nh gi: Qu trnh (30%): bi tp ln, chuyn cn, tho lun...
Cui k (70%): thi vit
Thc hnh: 3 bi, khng bt buc (cng 0-1 im vo im thi cui k cho mi bi )
Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt/it3080
Hn ng k bi tp ln: trc ngy 13/09/2014
2
-
18/08/2014
2
Ti liu tham kho
[KR] Networking: a top-down approach featuring the Internet, 6th Edition, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Addison Wesley 2012
[PB] TCP/IP tutorial and technical overview, Lydia Parziale, David T.Britt, IBM Redbooks 2006
[WS] Data and Computer Communications, 8th Edition William Stallings, Pearson Prentice Hall 2007
3
Ging vin
Bi Trng Tng, Vin CNTT&TT - BK HN
Email : [email protected]
a ch : phng 801 nh B1 BKHN
Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt
FB: /groups/QA.TungBT
4
-
18/08/2014
3
Chng 1. Tng quan v mng my tnh v truyn thng
5
1. C bn v mng my tnh
6
-
18/08/2014
4
ARPA: Advanced Research Project AgencyUCLA: University California Los Angeles SRI: Stanford Research InstituteIMP: Interface Message Processor
Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html
1.1. Lch s Internet
Bt u t mt th nghim ca d n ca ARPA
Mt lin kt gia hai nt mng (IMP ti UCLA v IMP ti SRI)
7
3 thng sau, 12/1969
Mt mng hon chnh vi 4 nt, 56kbps
UTAHSRI
UCSBUCLA
UCSB:University of California, Santa Barbara
UTAH:University of Utah
source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html8
-
18/08/2014
5
ARPANET thi k u, 1971
Mng pht trin vi tc thm mi nt mt thng
Source:http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html 9
Thp nin 70: Kt ni lin mng, kin trc mng mi v cc mng ring
10
-
18/08/2014
6
S m rng ca ARPANET, 1974
Lu lng mi ngy vt qu 3.000.000 gi tinsource:http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html
11
Thp nin 70
T u 1970 xut hin cc mng ring:
ALOHAnet ti Hawaii
DECnet, IBM SNA, XNA
1974: Cerf & Kahn nguyn l kt ni cc h thng m (Turing Awards)
1976: Ethernet, Xerox PARC
Cui 1970: ATM
12
-
18/08/2014
7
Thp nin 80: Cc giao thc mi, kt ni thm mng mi
13
1981: Xy dng mng NSFNET
NSF: National Science Foundation
Phc v cho nghin cu khoa hc, do s qu ti ca ARPANET
14
-
18/08/2014
8
1986: Ni kt USENET& NSFNET
Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html
15
Thm nhiu mng v giao thc mi Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET,
HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel
TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo1980
Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix
Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS
16
-
18/08/2014
9
Thm nhiu mng v giao thc mi
Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET, HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel
TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo1980
Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix
Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS
17
Thp nin 90: Web v thng mi ha Internet
18
-
18/08/2014
10
Thp nin 90
u 90: ARPAnet ch l mt phn ca Internet
u 90: Web
HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee
1994: Mosaic, Netscape
Cui 90: Thng mi
ha Internet
Cui 1990s 2000s:
Nhiu ng dng mi: chat, chia s file P2P
E-commerce, Yahoo, Amazon, Google
> 50 triu my trm, > 100 triu NSD
Vn an ton an ninh thng tin!
Internet dnh cho tt c mi ngi
Tt c cc dch v phi quan tm ti vn ny 19
Lc s Internet Vit Nam 1991: N lc kt ni Internet khng thnh. (V mt l do no )
1996: Gii quyt cc cn tr, chun b h tng Internet ISP: VNPT
64kbps, 1 ng kt ni quc t, mt s NSD
1997: Vit Nam chnh thc kt ni Internet 1 IXP: VNPT
4 ISP: VNPT, Netnam (IOT), FPT, SPT
2007: Mi nm Internet Vit Nam 20 ISPs, 4 IXPs
19 triu NSD, 22.04% dn s 20
-
18/08/2014
11
Thng k gn y
Source: Vnnic, http://www.thongkeinternet.vn
22.8
26.8
30.5 31.3
24.4
26.55
31.11
35.03 35.58
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0 %Triu ngi
S ngi dng Internet Vit Nam
S ngi dng
T l dn s
21
Bng thng kt ni i quc t (Mbps), Thng 7/2013
Tng cng: 486173.0 Mbps
Thng 6/2014: 790003 Mbps
22
-
18/08/2014
12
Bng thng kt ni i quc t
23
1.2. Cc khi nim c bn
24
-
18/08/2014
13
Mng my tnh l g?
Tp hp cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau da trn mt kin trc no c th trao i d liu
My tnh: my trm, my ch, b nh tuyn
Kt ni bng mt phng tin truyn
Theo mt kin trc mng
25
ng truyn vt l
L cc phng tin vt l c kh nng truyn dn tn hiu
Phn loi:
Hu tuyn: cp xon, cp ng trc, cp quang,
V tuyn: sng radio, viba, sng hng ngoi,
Mt s yu t c trng:
Bng tn
tin cy : t l bt li khi truyn
suy hao
26
-
18/08/2014
14
Kin trc mng Cc nt mng kt ni vi nhau nh th no? (Hnh trng
Topology) Topology vt l: hnh trng da trn cp kt ni
Bus Ring (Vng) Star (Sao) Mesh (Li)
Topology logic: hnh trng da trn cch thc truyn tn hiu: im im, im-a im
v trao i d liu vi nhau nh th no? (Giao thc Protocol)
27
Mt vi v d
Mng Internet
Mng ni b c quan, trng hc
Mng gia nh
H thng ATM ca ngn hng
Mng in thoi
...
28
-
18/08/2014
15
Mng Internet
Trn 5 t thit b kt ni2.5 t ngi dngng truyn: cp
quang, cp ng, Wimax, 3G
Truyn ti hng nghn TeraByte/s
Dch v: Web, email, mng x hi, Skype
wiredlinks
wirelesslinks
router
mobile network
global ISP
regional ISP
home network
institutionalnetwork
smartphone
PC
server
wirelesslaptop
29
Internet of things
30
-
18/08/2014
16
Mng Internet
Mng ca cc mng (Network of networks)
Internet
Lm th no kt ni hng triu h thng mng vi nhau?
31
Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng
Kt ni mt mng vi tt c cc mng khc?
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnetaccess
net
accessnet
Khng c kh nng m rng: S lng kt ni O(n2)
32
-
18/08/2014
17
Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Kt ni mi mng vo mt trm chuyn tip ca mt nh
cung cp ton cu (global ISP)
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnetaccess
net
accessnet
globalISP
33
Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Thm nhiu ISP...
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnetaccess
net
accessnet
ISP B
ISP A
ISP C
IXP
IXP
Kt ni ngang hng
Trm trung chuyn Internet
34
-
18/08/2014
18
Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Thm cc mng khu vc (regional network)...
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnetaccess
net
accessnet
ISP B
ISP A
ISP C
IXP
IXP
regional net
35
Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Mng li v mng bin
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnet
accessnetaccess
net
accessnet
ISP B
ISP A
ISP C
IXP
IXP
regional net
36
-
18/08/2014
19
Kin trc mng
Mng bin (network edge): Nt mng u cui (end-
system, host): PC, in thoi, my ch, my tnh nhng...
Mng truy nhp (access network): ng truyn, thit b kt ni (router, switch, hub, tng i...)
Mng li (network core): ng truyn, thit b kt ni Mng ca cc mng
Mi ch cp n kha cnh Kt ni nh th no?
mobile network
global ISP
regional ISP
home network
institutionalnetwork
37
2. Chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi
Chuyn tip d liu qua cc kt ni
nh th no?
38
-
18/08/2014
20
2.1. t vn
Kt ni im-im gia 2 host
Thng s ca kt ni:
Bng thng (bandwith - R): lng d liu truyn ti a trong mt n v thi gian (bps bit per second)
Tr (Latency): thi gian truyn d liu t A n B
Tr truyn ti: Kch thc d liu / Bng thng
Tr truyn dn: di lin kt / Tc tn hiu (~2x108 m/sec)
A B
39
Kt ni im-im gia 2 host
Truyn 100B t A n B
time=0
A B
100Byte packet
Time
1Mbps, 1ms
Thi gian truyn1 bit = 1/106s
Thi gian truyn800 bits=800x1/106s
Thi im bitu tin ti B= 1/106+1/103s
Thi im bitcui cng ti B
(800x1/106)+1/103s= 1.8ms
40
-
18/08/2014
21
Kt ni gia nhiu host
im-im gia mi cp
Hn ch?
41
Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng
im-a im: S dng 1 ng truyn chung cho tt c truyn thng qung b
Hn ch?
42
-
18/08/2014
22
Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng
Gii php: mng chuyn mch
Mi host kt ni vi 1 thit b chuyn mch
Cc thit b chuyn mch kt ni im-im
Chia s ti nguyn ng truyn
4
3
51
2
Cu hi: Lm th no xc nh c tuyn ng?Tr li: nh tuyn
43
A
B
D
C
E F
G
2.2. Chuyn mch knh Circuit switching network: cp pht ti nguyn ng
truyn (vt l) dnh ring cho tng kt ni (logic) gia 2 nt mng
(1) A pht yu cu xin thit lp knh(2) Cc thit b chuyn mch thit lp knh (v cp pht ti nguyn)(3) A bt u truyn d liu(4) A truyn xong: pht yu cu hy knh (gii phng ti nguyn)
4
3
51
2
A
B
10Mb/s?
10Mb/s?
10Mb/s?
44
10Mb/s?
-
18/08/2014
23
Chia s ti nguyn
Chia knh theo thi gian: mi kt ni s dng ti nguyn trong khe thi gian c phn
Chia knh theo tn s: mi kt ni s dng mt di tn tn hiu ring
tf
t
45
Gin thi gian
Information
t
Thit lp knh
Truyn d liu
Hy knh
A BSw1 Sw2
46
-
18/08/2014
24
u im v nhc im u im:
Knh c thit lp sn Tr khi chuyn mch rt thp
Ti nguyn dnh ring cho knh v khng i trong qu trnh truyn m bm cht lng dch v
Nhc im?
47
Nhc im
InformationTransfer
t
Thit lp knh
Truyn d liu
Hy knh
48
Sw1 Sw2
-
18/08/2014
25
Nhc im
Information
t
Thit lp knh
Truyn d liu
Hy knh
49
Sw1 Sw2
Nhc im
Bt u li qu trnh nu li trn thit b chuyn mch khi truyn
4
3
51
2
A
B
50
-
18/08/2014
26
2.3. Chuyn mch gi D liu c chia thnh cc gi tin (packet)
Phn tiu (header): a ch, s th t
Phn d liu (payload)
Thit b chuyn mch chuyn tip gi tin da trn tiu
01000111100010101001110100011001
HeaderData
headerpayload
51
Chuyn tip gi tin
ti FTU
NUCE
NEU
ti HUBT
Destination Next Hop
NEU 4
NUCE 5
FTU 2
HUBT 3
Forwarding Table
111010010 FTU
switch#2
switch#5
switch#3
switch#4
HUST
52
switch#1
-
18/08/2014
27
Gin thi gian
t
payload
hdr
A BSw Thit b chuyn mch ch chuyn tip khi nhn c y gi tin (store and forward)
Thit b chuyn mch cn thi gian x l gi tin (dproc): Kim tra li trn gi tin
Quyt nh gi tin gi n u
Thng rt nh so vi tr truyn tin
dproc
53
Chuyn mch gi Mi gi tin c th c x l c lp
Cc gi tin c th ti ch theo cc ng khc nhau, khng cn ng th t
Ti nguyn dng chung cho tt c cc kt ni Nu cn ti nguyn, bt k nt no cng c th s dng
54
-
18/08/2014
28
Chuyn mch gi vs Chuyn mch knh
V d:
Bng thng i 10 Mb/s
Mi kt ni ca ngi dng ti: c cp pht 1 Mb/s
Thi gian s dng truyn d liu: 10% tng thi gian
Mng chuyn mch knh: Ti a 10 ngi dng ng
thi xin cp pht
Mng chuyn mch gi: Gi s c 30 ngi dng s
dng chung
Xc sut >10 ngi dng ng thi truyn d liu l bao nhiu? (~0.0001)
Nusers
10 Mbps
Phn phi nh thc:P(x = k) = Cn
k pk (1-p)n-k
Nu s ngi dng tng ln?
55
Hng i
Hng i (FIFO)
1 Mbps
56
-
18/08/2014
29
Hng i
1
1
57
Hng i (FIFO)
Hng i
1 1
58
Hng i (FIFO)
22
-
18/08/2014
30
Hng i
2 2 1 1
59
Hng i (FIFO)
Hng i
60
Hng i (FIFO)
-
18/08/2014
31
Mt gi tin
Kch thc hng i c hn
Gi tin ti khi hng i y s b mt
61
Tng kt Chuyn mch knh:
Mi knh ch dng cho duy nht 1 lin kt
Bo m bng thng (cn cho cc ng dng audio/video)
Lng ph nu lin kt khng s dng ht kh nng ca knh
Chuyn mch gi Tng hiu qu s dng bng thng
Tt cho cc dng d liu n ngu nhin, khng nh trc
Hn ch: tng tr v mt gi tin, khng bo m bng thng
Mng Internet dng k thut chuyn mch no?
62
-
18/08/2014
32
3. Mt s thng s c bn trong mng
63
Cc thng s c bn
Bng thng Tc truyn tin Dung lng
Thng lng
tr
Tr trn thit b u cui
Tr trn thit b trung gian
Tr truyn tin
Tr lan truyn
mt gi tin
64
-
18/08/2014
33
Thng lng (throughput)
Thng lng: tc (bits/sec) truyn tin gia nt gi v nt nhn ti mt im no Tc thi: thng lng ti mt thi im
Trung bnh: thng lng tnh trung bnh trong mt khong thi gian
Bn gi: gi d liu ln
knh
Knh ckh nng truyn
Rs bits/sec
Knh ckh nng truyn
Rc bits/sec
65
Thng lng (tip)
Rs < Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?
Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec
Rs > Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?
L im ti lm gii hn thng lng trn ng truyn
Nt tht c chai (bottleneck)
Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec
66
-
18/08/2014
34
Nt tht c chai
Xc nh nt tht c chai?
67
tr
dtrans: tr truyn tin: L: kch thc d liu (bits)
R: bng thng (bps)
dtrans = L/R
dprop: tr lan truyn (truyn dn) d: di ng truyn
s: tc lan truyn tn hiu (~2x108
m/sec)
dprop = d/s
lan truyn
x l ti nti trong hng i
dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop
A
B
truyn tin
68
-
18/08/2014
35
tr (tip)
dproc: tr x l Kim tra li bit
Xc nh lin kt ra
Thng < sec
A
B
lan truyn
truyn tin
x l ti nti trong hng i
dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop
dqueue: tr hng i Ph thuc vo s lng
d liu trong hng i
69
Tr hng i
R: bng thng (bps)
L: kch thc gi tin(bits)
a: tc n ca gi tin
La/R
La/R ~ 0: tr hng i nh
La/R 1: tr hng i ln
La/R > 1: tr v cng (mt gi tin)
Tr
tru
ng b
nh tro
ng
hng
i
La/R ~ 0
La/R -> 1
70
-
18/08/2014
36
4. Kin trc phn tng
Tip tc vi ch Lm th no cc nt mng trao i thng tin?
71
Nguyn tc chia tr Xc nh cc nhim v cn thc hin
T chc, iu phi th t thc hin cc nhim v
Phn nh ai lm nhim v g
V d: CEO cng ty A gi cng vn cho CEO ca cng ty B CEO A: vit cng vn v chuyn cho th k
Th k:
Cho th vo phong b v in tn y CEO B, a ch
em n bu in VNPT
Bu in VNPT:
ng gi bu kin
Ghi a ch bu cc nhn
Chuyn bu kin ln xe th
a bu kin n bu cc nhn 72
-
18/08/2014
37
Bc th c gi v nhn nh th no?
CEO
Th k
VNPT
CEO
Th k
VNPT
Cc b phn ng cp: Phng tin trao i thng tin ging nhau
Ngn ng ging nhau
Cng vn
Phong b
Bu kin
Ngn ng t nhin
a ch
M bu cc73
Trao i thng tin gia cc nt mng D liu c t chc nh th no?
nh danh nh a ch: Phn bit cc my vi nhau trn mng?
Tm ng i cho d liu qua h thng mng nh th no?
Lm th no pht hin li d liu (v sa)?
Lm th no d liu gi i khng lm qu ti ng truyn, qu ti my nhn?
Lm th no chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu?
Lm th no bit d liu ti ch?...
Phn chia nhim v cho cc thnh phn, t chc cc thnh phn thnh cc tng (layer)
74
-
18/08/2014
38
Phn tng Mi tng:
C th c mt hoc nhiu chc nng
Trin khai dch v thc hin cc chc nng
Cung cp dch v cho tng trn
S dng dch v tng di
c lp vi cc tng cn li
Mi dch v c th c mt hoc nhiu cch trin khai khc nhau, cho php tng trn la chn dch v ph hp
Li ch:
D dng thit k, trin khai
D dng ti s dng
D dng nng cp 75
im truy cp dch v Service Access Point: l mt im tru tng, ti
tng trn s dng dch v tng di Tng trn ch cn quan tm cch s dng dch v tng di
...khng quan tm ti cch thc thc hin
Quan im lp trnh: li gi hm (function) Tn hm v cc thc truyn i s khng i
Ni dung hm c th thay i
function doMyWork(){//do anythinglowerService(parameters);//do anything
}
76
-
18/08/2014
39
4.1. Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng
77
Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng Cc nguyn l chung:
Tng trn s dng dch v tng di
Cc tng ngang hng s dng chung ngn ng v phng tin trao i d liu
D liu c x l ti mi tng nh th no?
Chia thnh cc n v d liu giao thc - PDU (Protocol Data Unit) gm c Header: cha a ch, thng tin khc h thng mng x l
Payload: d liu cn truyn ti
Chc nng mi tng khc nhau, cch thc x l d liu khc nhau cn phi hp chc nng gia cc tng trong qu trnh truyn ti
78
-
18/08/2014
40
Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng Bn gi: thm tiu cha thng tin phc v cho vic
x l d liu ti tng tng ng v chuyn cho tng di (ng gi d liu Encapsulation)
Bn nhn: x l d liu theo thng tin trong phn tiu , tch tiu v chuyn d liu cho tng trn
Tng N
Tng (N-1)
Tng 2
Tng1
Tng N
Tng (N-1)
Tng 2
Tng1
PDUN
HN-1
H2 ...
...H1
...
...PDUN
HN-1
H2 ...
...H1
Gi Nhn 79
Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng (tip) Nhn xt:
PDU ti cc tng ng cp ca hai bn ging nhau truyn thng gia cc tng ngang hng (truyn thng logic)
Pha nhn phi hiu ni dung PDU ca pha gi
Pha nhn x l PDU nhn c vi cc tham s l thng tin trong tiu m pha gi thit lp
Pha nhn tr li/khng tr li cho pha gi
Cc PDU phi truyn ng theo th t
cn c b quy tc cho hai bn
L tp hp cc quy tc quy nh khun dng, ngngha, th t cc thng ip c gi v nhn gia ccnt mng v cc hnh vi khi trao i cc thng ip
Giao thc (Network protocol)
80
-
18/08/2014
41
Chng giao thc (Protocol stack)
Cc chc nng c phn chia cho cc tng
Mi tng c nhiu cch thc thc hin cc chc nng sinh ra cc giao thc khc nhau
chng giao thc: ngn xp cc giao thc truyn thng trn kin trc phn tng
Giao thc mi tng bao gm: Gi dch v no ca giao thc tng di
V cung cp dch v cho giao thc tng trn nh th no
Cc giao thc tng N
Cc giao thc tng N-1
Cc giao thc tng 2
Cc giao thc tng 1
...
81
Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng (tip)
Cc tng ng cp mi bn s dng chung giao thc iu khin qu trnh truyn thng logic gia chng 2 cch thc giao thc iu khin truyn thng logic gia cc
tng ng cp: hng lin kt hoc hng khng lin kt
Tng N
Tng (N-1)
Tng 2
Tng1
Tng N
Tng (N-1)
Tng 2
Tng1
...
...
Giao thc PN
Giao thc PN-1
Giao thc P2
Giao thc P1
82
-
18/08/2014
42
Truyn thng hng lin kt vs Truyn thng hng khng lin kt
Truyn thng hng lin kt (connection oriented):
D liu c truyn qua mt lin kt c thit lp
Ba giai on: Thit lp lin kt, Truyn d liu, Hy lin kt
Tin cy
Truyn thng hng khng lin kt (conectionless)
Khng thit lp lin kt, ch c giai on truyn d liu
Khng tin cy
Best effort: truyn ngay vi kh nng ti a
83
Giao thcUnicast, Multicast, Broadcast
Unicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti 1 ch
Multicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti nhiu ch
Broadcast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti mi ch
84
-
18/08/2014
43
4.2. M hnh OSI v TCP/IP
Kin trc phn tng trn thc t (Baonhiu tng? Chc nng c th?...)
Kin trc phn tng trin khai trncc nt mng nh th no?
85
M hnh OSI/ISO
Tng ng dng (Application): cung cp cc ng dng trn mng (web, email, truyn file)
Tng Trnh din (Presentation): biu din d liu ca ng dng, e.g., m ha, nn, chuyn i
Tng Phin(Session): qun l phin lm vic, ng b ha phin, khi phc qu trnh trao i d liu
Tng Giao vn (Transport): X l vic truyn-nhn d liu cho cc ng dng chy trn nt mng u-cui
Tng Mng (Network): Chn ng (nh tuyn), chuyn tip gi tin t ngun n ch
Tng Lin kt d liu (Data link): Truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l gia cc nt mng k tip nhau
Tng Vt l (Physical): Chuyn d liu (bit) thnh tn hiu v truyn
Application
Preentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
86
-
18/08/2014
44
Session layer
Transport layer
Application layer
Presentation layer
Network layer
Datalink layer
Physical layer
M hnh OSI v TCP/IPTrong m hnh TCP/IP (Internet), chc nng3 tng trn c phn nh cho mt tng duy nht
Transport layer
Application
HTTP, FTP, SMTP
Network layer
Datalink layer
Physical layer
87
M hnh OSI v TCP/IP
M hnh OSI:
M hnh tham chiu chc nng: Cc m hnh khc phi tham chiu t m hnh OSI
Cung cp y cc chc nng m hnh OSI ch ra
m bo th t cc tng chc nng
C ngha ln v mt c s l thuyt
Khng s dng trn thc t
M hnh TCP/IP: m hnh Internet
S dng trn hu ht cc h thng mng
88
-
18/08/2014
45
Trin khai kin trc phn tng
Nt mng u cui (end-system): PC, server, smartphone...
Nt mng trung gian: cc thit b mng chuyn tip d liu
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
Network
Datalink
Physical
Application Application
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngtrung gian
Nt mngu cui
89
Trin khai kin trc phn tng
Nt mng u cui (server, PC, smartphone...)
PC
Server
ng dng mng cung cp dch v cho ngi dng
iu khin truyn d liu gia cc ng dng
Chn ng, chuyn tip d liu
iu khin truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l
Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu v truyn i
90
-
18/08/2014
46
ng dng mng cung cp dch v cho ngi dng
iu khin truyn d liu gia cc ng dng
Chn ng, chuyn tip d liu
iu khin truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l
Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu v truyn i
Trin khai kin trc phn tng
Nt mng trung gian
PC
Server
91
Chng giao thc TCP/IP
DNS SMTPDHCP HTTPSNMP FTP
UDP TCP
IP
Ethernet FDDI PPP DSL ARP
Copper Optical Radio PSTN
...
...
...
ICMP RIP OSPF
Aplication
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
...
S dng duy nht mt giao thc lin mng l IP92
-
18/08/2014
47
Chng giao thc TCP/IP
Dng ng h ct: s dng duy nht mt giao thc lin mng (IP Internet Protocol) ti tng mng:
Cho php mt h thng mng mi s dng cng ngh truyn dn bt k kt ni vi h thng mng hin ti
Tch ri pht trin ng dng tng cao vi cng ngh truyn dn cc tng thp
IP-based application: ng dng trn nn tng IP (VoIP...)
H tr thay i song song cc cng ngh trn v di IP
Tuy nhin, rt kh nng cp bn thn giao thc IP (vn chuyn i IPv4 sang IPv6)
93
Ci t TCP/IP trn h thng mng
Trn cc h thng u cui Khc nhau trn cc ng
dng khc nhau
Nh nhau trn mi nt
Trn mi nt Khc nhau trn cc lin
kt khc nhau
94
IP
-
18/08/2014
48
CAT5WDM
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
CAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
95
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
96
-
18/08/2014
49
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
97
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payloadEthernet header
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
98
-
18/08/2014
50
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
99
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payloadWDM header
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
100
-
18/08/2014
51
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
101
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payloadEthernet header
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
102
-
18/08/2014
52
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
IP header TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
103
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
TCP header D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
104
-
18/08/2014
53
CAT5WDMCAT5
Ethernet/10M
IP
TCP
FTP
Ethernet/100M
IP
TCP
FTP
WDM
10M
IP
10G
CAT5
10G
IP
CAT5
D liu - payload
ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP
100M
Nt mngu cui
Nt mngu cui
Cc nt mng trung gian
105
4.3. nh danh trong TCP/IP
Tn min
S hiu cng
a ch IP
a ch MAC
106
-
18/08/2014
54
nh danh
Cc nh danh cho php xc nh mt ngi hay mt i tng
Tn Bui Trong Tung
a ch 1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi
S in thoi 8680896
Email [email protected]
107
nh danh v cy phn cp
Cc nh danh xc nh a ch c tnh phn cp Cho php qun l mt cc logic v hiu qu mt khng gian a
ch khng l
Tnh m rng
V d v tnh phn cp a ch
1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi
S in thoi
+84-(4) 868-08-96
Hanoi
Dai Co Viet
Hai Ba Trung
So 1108
-
18/08/2014
55
nh danh trn kin trc phn tng
nh danh trong h thng mng my tnh: gn cho mi i tng (dch v, my trm, thit b mng) mt gi tr ring.
Ti sao phi nh danh? Phn bit cc i tng trong h thng
Xc nh d liu xut pht t u
Xc nh d liu i n u
Mi tng c nhim v khc nhau iu khin vic truyn thng tin gia nhng i tng khc nhau mi tng c c ch nh danh khc nhau Cng mt i tng c th mang nhiu nh danh c th cn
c ch phn gii tm kim mt nh danh ca i tng trn tng ny khi bit nh danh ca i tng tng khc
109
nh danh trn TCP/IP
application
TCP/UDP
IP
data link
physical
Physical address / MAC addresse.g. 00:11:24:79:8e:82
IP address, e.g. 203.12.15.165
Domain name (tn min)
Port number (S hiu cng D)
110
-
18/08/2014
56
Tn min (Domain name) nh danh s dng trn tng ng dng
L mt chui k t gi nh
Do ngi dng s dng khi truy cp dch v trn tng ng dng
Khng c ngha khi truyn d liu gia cc nt mng
Phn cp
V d: soict.hust.edu.vn
111
S hiu cng ng dng
nh danh s dng trn tng giao vn
16 bit
Mt ch s ph, dng km theo a ch IP
Cc ng dng c dnh danh bi mt a ch IP v mt s hiu cng
Tng t nh s phng trong mt ta nh a ch nh : Nh C1, 1 Dai Co Viet, Ha Noi => a ch IP
Phng s 325 => S hiu cng
E.g. HTTP cng 80, FTP cng 20, 21
112
-
18/08/2014
57
a ch IP nh danh dng trn tng mng Dng trong giao thc IP - Internet Protocol (tng mng)
Gi tr ph thuc tng mng, mi card mng c gn mt a ch IP
S dng inh danh mt my tnh trong mt mng IP, v d:
133.113.215.10 (ipv4)
2001:200:0:8803::53 (ipv6)
113
a ch dng trn tnglin kt d liu
48 bit
a ch vt l / a ch MAC S dng trong tng lin kt d liu
C nh trn card mng NIC ( Network Interface Card)
S dng nh danh my tnh trong mng cc b
00:11:24:79:8e:8200000000 00010001 00100100 01111001 10001110 10000010
HEX
OUI Gn bi nh sn xut
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier): M nh sn xutMi nh sn xut c cc gi tr OUI ringMi nh sn xut c th c nhiu OUI
BIN
114
-
18/08/2014
58
Tng kt v phn tng v chng giao thc
Li ch?
Hn ch?
115
Kh nng cng tc
Rt nhiu cng ngh c trin khai theo nhiu cch rt khc nhau trn cc nt mng: Phn cng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: IBM, Dell, Fujitsu,
Apple...
HH khc nhau: Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS...
Ngi dng s dng cc ng dng khc nhau: Firefox, Chrome, Cc Cc...
Thit b mng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: Cisco, TP-Link...
V lun lun thay i
Phew!
Nhng tt c u c th ni chuyn vi nhau vchng s dng chung giao thc
116
-
18/08/2014
59
Tru tng v ti s dng Mi tng c nhiu la chn giao thc s dng:
Tng vt l: cp quang, ADSL, 3G, LTE...
Tng lin kt d liu: Ethernet, Token Ring, SONET, FDDI...
Giao vn: TCP, UDP
Nhng gc nhn ca tng ng dng: Mozilla (v tt c NSX khc) khng phi vit trnh duyt Firefox (v tt c ng dng khc) vi 1 phin bn cho mng LAN, 1 cho mng cp quang, 1 cho mng WiFi... Cc giao thc cung cp API chun pht trin ng dng
Cc tng thp trong sut vi tng ng dng
117
Trong sut
Cng ngh trn mi tng thc hin cc phng thc truyn thng khc nhau
Thay th cng ngh cc tng c th thc hin song song
Min l gi nguyn im truy cp dch v SAP
Thay th cng ngh mt tng khng nh hng n cc tng khc
118
-
18/08/2014
60
Hn ch
Mt s thng tin tng di b n (do tnh trong sut) i vi tng trn c th lm gim hiu nng hot ng ca tng trn (v do lm gim hiu nng hot ng ca mng) V d: TCP phi kim sot tc nghn trn ng truyn
Phn tiu c kch thc ng k trong gi tin
Mt s cng ngh tng di c th lm giao thc tng trn thc hin kh khn hn: V d: TCP trn mng khng dy
TCP/IP khng c cc c ch an ton bo mt thng tin
119
Ti liu tham kho Keio University
Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, J.Kurose
Computer Network, Berkeley University
120