chap 2 cell the basic unit of life

8/13/2019 Chap 2 Cell the Basic Unit of Life

1/37

CHAPTER 2

CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIVE

Cell

1.The human body is made up of cell. The human body has 50 to 60 trillioncells. But you cannot see them.

2.You can only see them if you use a microscope. Have you see microscope?

DAY DATE:


2/37


3/37


4/37

MICROSCOPE

Microscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.

DAY DATE


5/37

MICROSCOPE


DAY DATE


6/37

MICROSCOPE


DAY DATE


7/37

HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE

1.Put the microscope on a table with the arm toward you

2.Turn the low power objective lens until you hear the click sound

3. Make sure that the low power objective lens is above the hole in the stage

4.Open the diaphragmto the maximum opening

5. Look through the eyepiece , adjust the mirror until you see a bright

6.Put a specimen slide over the hole of the stage. Fix the slides position with the clips

7.Turn the coarse focus knob to lower the objective lens to about 10 mm above the slide

8.Look through the eyepiece. Turn the coarse focus knob to move the objective lensupwards until you can see a clear image

9.Turn the fine focus knob to get a sharp image

10. Turn the high power objective lens until you hear the click sound


8/37


9/37

LOOKING AT CHEEK CELL

ApparatusMicroscope, Glass slide, cover slip, methylene blue

solution.Toothpick and needle.

Procedure

1.Put a drop of methylene blue solution on a glassslide (figure 2.4)

2.Scrape the inside of your cheek with toothpick(figure 2.5)

3. Add the scraping to the methylene on the glassslide (figure 2.6)

4.Put the cover slip at an angle of 45 to the glassslide (figure 2.7)

5.Lower the cover slip slowly to avoid getting airbubbles

6.Look at the slide with low power objective lensi.What is general shape of cell?

ii. Does the shape of the cell change?

7.Use the high power objective lens . Look at the cell

i. Do the cell have the same structure?

ii.Draw the label the general structure of thecheek cell

DAY

needle

Cover slip


10/37

DAY DATE

Cell membrane

nucleus

cytoplasm

i. Chemical reactions

ii. Stores food

iii. Waste products

i. Control all activity of cell

i. Control substances into or out of cell

An animal cell

ii. Thin layer


11/37


12/37

Plant cell

ApparatusMicroscope, glass slide, cover slip, iodine solution, onion, blade, forceps,needle, dropper.

Procedure

1. Cut a small section from the scale leaf of an onion (figure 2.9)2. Use the pair of forceps to pull out of inner epidermal layer3. Spread out the inner epidermal layer carefully on a glass slide and add a drop iodine.4. Lower the cover slip on top of the epidermal layer using the needle

5. Look at the slide using microscope ,. Using the low power objective lensi. What is the general shape of the onion cells?ii. Do the cell look like the cheek cells?

6. Look at the structure of the cells with the high power objective lens. Draw and labelthe structures

DAY DATE


13/37

DAY DATE

Cell wall

Chloroplast

Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Nucleus

Cell membrane

i. a thick layer

ii. Supports and givesregular shape

A plant cell

ii. Plant make food by photosynthesis

i. Contain chlorophyll to photosynthesis


14/37

A

E

D

F I

C

HB

G

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

DIAGRAM P DIAGRAM Q


15/37


16/37

FUNCTION OF THE CELL STRUCTURES

Protects and maintains the shape of

the cell

Controls substances that enter andleave the cell

Controls all the activities of thecell

Stores salt and sugar solution, keepsthe cell turgid

Stores food and waste products, chemicalreactions take place

NUCLEUS

CELL

MEMBRANE

CELL WALL

VACUOLE

CYTOPLASM

CHLOROPLAST Contains chlorophyll - to trap sunlightfor photosynthesis

l


17/37

Water pressure in plant


18/37

COMPARISON BETWEEN

THE TWO CELLS

STRUCTURE PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

CELL MEMBRANE

CHLOROPLAST

VACUOLE

CELL WALL

YES YES

NO

NO

YESYES

YES

YES

YES

YES YES


19/37


20/37

TASK SHEET 1 (True/False)State whether the following statements

are true (T) or false (F)

1. The animal cell has a cell wall

2. Animal cells can make their own food

3. The cell wall gives shape to the plant cell

4. Both plant and animal cells have cells membrane

5. An animal cells have vacuole

F

F

T

T

F


21/37


22/37

UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR1. Amoeba , Paramecium, Euglena, yeast and Chlamydomonas are made up of

we call

2. Uni means one

3. Multicellular organisms are made up5. The human body , Animals and most plant are also multicellular organisms

are very small organisms. You can see them with microscope

are example of multicellular microorganisms

AmoebaParamecium

Euglena

yeast

Chlamydomonas

one cell and

unicellular organisms

many cell.

6. Microorganisms

Most microorganisms are unicellular but some microorganisms are multicellular

8. Hydra and spirogyra

DAY DATE


23/37

DAY DATE

Hydra spirogyra


24/37

PMR 2012


25/37

PMR 2005


26/37

PMR 2011


27/37

Akhir Tahun 2011


28/37

PMR 2012


29/37

DAY DATEORGANISATION OF CELL


30/37

ORGANISATION OF CELL

The cell in the human body have different shape, size and functions.

Muscle cell

White blood cell

enable us to move

Kill the bacteria in the body

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen

Nerve cellsCarry impulse to body

sperm

DAY DATEORGANISATION OF CELL


31/37

Cell

The basic unitTissue

Same type of cells andwork together

Organ

i.Made up of different tissue

ii.Work together to perform a function

System

i.Made up different organ

ii.Work together to perform a function

Organisms

i.Made up different system

ii.That work together



32/37


PMR 2012


33/37

HUMAN AS COMPLECS ORGANISMS DATE


34/37

U S CO CS O G S S1. Examples of system in human body


35/37

PMR 2006


36/37

PMR 2006


37/37

Penutup

2. Tasbih Kifarah.

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr

chap 2 cell the basic unit of life

Documents