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Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018
Chapters 10 and 12
KineticMolecular Theory of Matter
Example 1
KineticMolecular Theory (KMT)=particles of matter are always moving (when they stop moving its absolute zero)
Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kineticmolecular theory
KMT assumptions1. Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their size
2. Collision between gas particles and container walls are elasticno net loss of kinetic energy
3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion=kinetic energy
4. There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles
5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature
Anything at the same temperature has the same kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is related to speed
KE = m v22
m = massv = velocity (speed)
larger particles move slower
smaller particles move faster
Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018
Example 2 Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
Gases Liquids SolidsMicroscopic View
Expansion Exapands to fill container
Do not expand
Do not expand
Fluidityability to flow
Fluid,
takes the shape of the container
Fluid,
takes the shape of the container
Rigid,
do not take the shape of the container
Density
Low Density,
Large distance between particles
High Density,
1000s times more dense than gases
High Density,
usually the most dense
Compressibility
Can be compressed to a smaller volume
Cannot be compressed much
Cannot be compressed
Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018
Example 3 Changes of State
Meltingthe physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of heatTemperature a substance meltsmelting point
Freezingthe physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of heat
Freezing point = melting point!
Solid Liquidmelting
freezing
vaporization or boilingthe process by which a liquid changes to a gasboiling pointthe highest temperature a liquid
can exist as at a certain pressure
Condensationthe process by which a gas changes to a liquid
Liquid Gasvaporization
condensation
Some substances don't become a liquid!
Sublimationchange of state from a solid directly to a gas
depositionchange of state from a gas directly to a solid
Solid Gassublimation
deposition
Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018
Solid Liquid Gas
Need to add energy (heat)Endothermica process that requires energy
to occur
Example 4
Solid Liquid Gas
Give off energy to the surroundingsExothermica process that gives off energy
(as heat) to the surroundings
Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018
Example 5
Heating Curves
When a solid, liquid or gas is heated, the amount of kinetic energy (speed of the particles increases) increases
When a substances undergoes a phase change (solid to liquid, or liquid to gas) energy is added but the temperature does not increase, the particles are spreading out which increases the potential energy
Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018