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Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018 Chapters 10 and 12 KineticMolecular Theory of Matter Example 1 KineticMolecular Theory (KMT) =particles of matter are always moving (when they stop moving its absolute zero) Ideal gas an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kineticmolecular theory KMT assumptions 1. Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their size 2. Collision between gas particles and container walls are elastic no net loss of kinetic energy 3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion=kinetic energy 4. There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles 5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature Anything at the same temperature has the same kinetic energy Kinetic energy is related to speed KE = mv 2 2 m = mass v = velocity (speed) larger particles move slower smaller particles move faster

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Page 1: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018

Chapters 10 and 12

Kinetic­Molecular Theory of Matter

Example 1

Kinetic­Molecular Theory (KMT)=particles of matter are always moving (when they stop moving its absolute zero)

Ideal gas­an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic­molecular theory

KMT assumptions1.  Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their size

2.  Collision between gas particles and container walls are elastic­no net loss of kinetic energy

3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion=kinetic energy

4.  There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles

5.  The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature 

Anything at the same temperature has the same kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is related to speed 

KE =     m v22

m = massv = velocity (speed)

larger particles move slower

smaller particles move faster

Page 2: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018

Example 2 Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases

Gases Liquids SolidsMicroscopic View

Expansion Exapands to fill container

Do not expand

Do not expand

Fluidity­ability to flow

Fluid,

takes the shape of the container

Fluid, 

takes the shape of the container

Rigid,

do not take the shape of the container

Density

Low Density,

Large distance between particles

High Density,

1000s times more dense than gases

High Density,

usually the most dense

Compressibility

Can be compressed to a smaller volume

Cannot be compressed much

Cannot be compressed

Page 3: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018

Example 3 Changes of State

Melting­the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of heatTemperature a substance melts­melting point

Freezing­the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of heat

Freezing point = melting point!

Solid Liquidmelting

freezing

vaporization or boiling­the process by which a liquid changes to a gasboiling point­the highest temperature a liquid 

can exist as at a certain pressure

Condensation­the process by which a gas changes to a liquid

Liquid Gasvaporization

condensation

Some substances don't become a liquid!

Sublimation­change of state from a solid directly to a gas

deposition­change of state from a gas directly to a solid

Solid Gassublimation

deposition

Page 4: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018

Solid Liquid Gas

Need to add energy (heat)Endothermic­a process that requires energy 

to occur

Example 4

Solid Liquid Gas

Give off energy to the surroundingsExothermic­a process that gives off energy 

(as heat) to the surroundings

Page 5: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018

Example 5

Heating Curves

When a solid, liquid or gas is heated, the amount of kinetic energy (speed of the particles increases) increases

When a substances undergoes a phase change (solid to liquid, or liquid to gas) energy is added but the temperature does not increase, the particles are spreading out which increases the potential energy

Page 6: Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook - edweb.tusd1.orgedweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/Chem/Chap 10 Part 1b.pdf · Ideal gasan imaginary gas that perfectly fits all ... Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January

Chap 10 Part 1b.notebook January 10, 2018