chap 1 - introduction to biology

8/14/2019 Chap 1 - Introduction to biology

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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

What is BIOLOGY?

BIOLOGY - study of life and living organisms

- branch of natural sciences

Greek word : bios life logos knowledge

Traditionally, biology has been divided into

i. Zoology the study of animals

ii. Botany the study of plants

iii. Microbiology the study of microorganisms

- bacteriology (bacteria), virology (virus), mycology (fungi),

phycology (algae), protozoology (protozoa)

iv. Cell and molecular biology

v. Ecology

vi. Genetic


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Anatomy - the structure of the organisms

Morphology - external structure

Physiology - how organisms function


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Cytology - structure and function of cells

Genetics - studies on heredity or genes

Molecular biology - studies on structure and properties ofmolecules in cells

Biochemistry - chemical function in organisms


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What is LIFE?

i. Life is an absolute trait of the living.

ii. Life is a condition when the organism is not dead.

iii. Life is a condition which differentiates animals and

plants from the non-living matter.

iv. Life is a system that succeeds in solving its energy

problems


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Characteristics of LIFE

CellOrganization

Reproduce

Metabolize

and grow

Feed

Respire

Excrete their

waste

Respond to

their surrounding

Motile

Control their

Internal condition

Able to

evolve

and adapt


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Properties of LIFE

Order Reproduction Growth and development

Response

Energy

Homeostasis

Evolutionary adaptation


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Organizational Levels of Life

Atom - the chemical

of building blocks of

all matter

Organelle - One of

several formed bodies

with specialized

functions, suspended

in the cytoplasm of

eukaryotic cell

Molecule - a chemical

structure consisting of

two or more chemical

units called atoms

Cells - Lifes

fundamental unit

of structure and

function

Tissue - An integrated

group of cells with a

common function,

structure or both

Organ - A specialized

center of body function

composed of several

different types of tissue

Organ System A group of

organs that work together in

performing vital body function


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Classification Hierarchy of Organism

- The formal system of naming, cataloguing and describingorganisms

- Created by Swedish botanist : Carolus Linnaeus (1785) known

asBinomial Classification

Example:Homo sapiens ; Homo sapiens

1. In Latin

2. Consists of a pair of names: the first genus, second species

3. Must be written in italic or underlined4. The first word begins with capital letter

The second word- begins with small letter


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Classification Hierarchy

of Organism

Hierarchical Classification

In addition to identifying and

naming species, a major objective

of systematic is to group species

into broader taxonomic categories.

Basic unit of classification for an

organism is species.

Species an individual population

with similar structures, functions

and have to ability to interbreed.


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Classification of Organisms

Taxonomist classify organisms by sorting then into groups

according to traits that reveal phylogenetic relationship.

chap 1 - introduction to biology

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